Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Minerals and Rocks Properties of Minerals • • • • Luster Streak Hardness Cleavage Properties of Minerals • Luster: the way a mineral shines, or reflects light Properties of Minerals • Streak: the color of a mineral when it is ground to a powder. Properties of Minerals • Hardness: the measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched. Properties of Minerals • Cleavage: is the tendency of a mineral to split easily along flat surfaces. Mica cleaves, or splits, along one plane. Ruby does not split along cleavage planes. Calcite has three cleavage planes. Uses of Minerals • In glasses( titanium) • In watches (quartz) • In Aluminum bats (bauxite) • In Windows (talc, quartz, calcite, and feldspar • In Plumbing Pipes (copper) • Any many others Rocks vs. Minerals • Minerals are non living solid materials that has a definite chemical makeup. • What??? • What this means is that each mineral is made up of just one thing. • Rocks are solid materials made up of one or more minerals. Earth’s Layers • 1st Layer Crust: the thinnest layer made up of rock • 2nd Layer Mantle: a thick layer of rock between the crust and the core. • 3rd Layer Core: a dense ball with a liquid out part and a solid inner part. Types of Rocks • Igneous Rocks form when melted rock from deep below Earth’s surfaces cools and hardens. Obsidian forms when molted rock cools quickly. Granite is molten rock that hardens in the crust Basalt makes up much of Earth’s crust beneath the oceans. Types of Rocks • Sedimentary rock forms when sand, particles of rock, bits of soil, and remains of once-living things (sediments) are pressed together and harden. This only happens when they are weathered down. Conglomerate forms from sediments of different sizes. Shale forms from thin layers of clay. It is smooth and breaks easily into layers. Types of Rocks • Metamorphic rock is rock that forms when existing rocks are changed by extreme heat and pressure. Granite, an igneous rock, changes to gneiss. Limestone, a sedimentary rock, changes to marble The Rock Cycle • The continuous series of changes that rocks undergo.