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USH2 Unit 5: America and the World Lesson 5.2 = WW1 Triple Entente vs. Triple Alliance pg 549 USING THE MAP ON PAGE 549…..WHAT ALLIANCE HAS A MAJOR ADVANTAGE SHOULD WAR BREAK OUT BETWEEN THE TRIPLE ENTENTE AND THE TRIPPLE ALLIANCE? THE UNITED STATES ENTERS THE GREAT WAR MILITARISM, ALLIANCES, IMPERIALISM, AND NATIONALISM LED TO WW I IN EUROPE. ATTACKS ON U.S. SHIPS AND AMERICAN SUPPORT FOR THE ALLIES EVENTUALLY CAUSED THE UNITED STATES TO ENTER THE WAR. CAUSES OF WW I IN THE LATE 1800’S, GERMANY AND FRANCE WERE ENEMIES. GERMANY JOINED ITALY AND AUSTRIA-HUNGARY IN THE TRIPLE ALLIANCE TO KEEP FRANCE IN CHECK FRANCE, RUSSIA, AND GREAT BRITIAN FORMED THE TRIPLE ENTENTE TO PREVENT GERMAN AGGRESSION THIS SYSTEM OF ALLIANCES ENCOURAGED MILITARISM – THE BUILDUP OF ARMED FORCES. AP 1 Talking Heads 1’s = Why did France and Germany form alliances? 2’s = How does the Alliance system lead to Militarism? Causes of WW1 NATIONALISM IS INTENSE PRIDE IN ONE’S HOMELAND, CAN BE DANGEROUS IMPERIALISM LED EUROPEAN POWERS TO FORM EMPIRES. IMPERIALISM LED TO CONFLICT BETWEEN AUSTRIA-HUNGARY AND SERBIA IN JUNE 1914, A SERBIAN NATIONALIST KILLED THE HEIR TO THE AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN THRONE AP 2: CAUSES OF WW1 M A I N The Alliances are triggered GERMANY BACKS AUSTRIAHUNGARY, ENCOURAGES ACTION AGAINST SERBIA (natural allies) RUSSIA PLEDGES TO SUPPORT SERBIA AGAINST AGGRESSION (natural allies) AUSTRIA-HUNGARY’S DECLARATION OF WAR AGAINST SERBIA WOULD PULL ALLIANCES INTO WAR FRANCE, RUSSIA, GREAT BRITAIN, AND ITALY BECAME ALLIES GERMANY, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, AND BULGARIA BECAME CENTRAL POWERS Venn: Now that War has Begun!! Central Powers vs. Allies The Schlieffen Plan Fails!! THE GERMAN PLAN TO AVOID A TWO FRONT WAR (SCHLIEFFEN PLAN) FAILS… Force a quick French surrender, and then concentrate on the Russians. EVENTUALLY, BOTH SIDES BECAME LOCKED IN A STALEMATE IN FRANCE = WESTERN FRONT = TRENCH IN RUSSIA (EASTERN FRONT) THE GERMANS AND AUSTRIANS MOWED DOWN THE RUSSIANS Let’s Break it Down Simple = MAIN https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XRcg _t2oJkc 3 2 1 16-1guided reading Review for WW1 Long term causes? Short term or immediate cause? AMERICAN NEUTRALITY ? MOST AMERICANS FAVORED THE ALLIES THE BRITISH WORKED HARD TO WIN U.S. SUPPORT = PROPOGANDA NATURAL ALLIES W/ BRITISH AND FRENCH = SHARED LANGUAGE, CULTURE, HISTORY AND TRADE INTEREST AP : TPS Why does the United States try to remain neutral? MOVING TOWARD WAR MOST AMERICANS DID NOT WANT WAR, BUT MANY EVENTS WOULD DRAW US IN UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE = SINKING OF THE LUSITANIA USA DECLARES WAR THE ZIMMERMAN NOTE WOULD CONVINCE MOST AMERICANS THAT WAR WAS NECESSARY IN FEB. 1917, GERMANS BREAK SUSSEX PLEDGE AND CONTINUE UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE AFTER SINKING 6 AMERICAN SHIPS, WILSON ASKED CONGRESS TO DECLARE WAR ON GERMANY IT DID SO ON APRIL 6, 1917 AP: Cause and Effect Activity Guided Reading 16-1 Learning Log SUMMARIZE THE LONG TERM CAUSES OF WW 1. WHAT WAS THE IMMEDIATE/ SHORT TERM CAUSE OF WW1? HOW DID THE ASSASINATION OF FRANZ FERDINAND TRIGGER THE ALLIANCE SYSTEM? ONCE WAR BROKE, WHO WERE THE CENTRAL POWERS? ALLIES? HOW DID THE GERMAN PLAN TO FIGHT A 2 FRONT WAR FAIL? WHAT WAS FIGHTING LIKE ON THE WESTERN FRONT? EASTERN FRONT? SUMMARIZE THE REASONS THE UNITED STATES EVENTUALLY DECLARED WAR. WW1 Part 2 focus List the reasons why the United States decided to get involved in WW1. Home Front THE HOME FRONT TO FIGHT WORLD WAR 1, THE AMERICAN GOVERNMENT USED PROGRESSIVE IDEAS AND NEW GOVERNMENT AGENCIES TO MOBILIZE THE POPULATION AND ORGANIZE THE ECONOMY. Brainstorm: What is Progressivism? ORGANIZING THE ECONOMY CONGRESS CREATED SPECIAL AGENCIES TO PREPARE THE ECONOMY FOR WAR= THE WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD COORDINATED THE PRODUCTION OF MATERIALS THE FOOD ADMINISTRATION ENCOURAGED PEOPLE TO GROW THEIR OWN FOOD IN VICTORY GARDENS THE FUEL ADMINISTRATION INTRODUCED DAYLIGHT SAVINGS TIME AND SHORTENED WORK WEEKS TO SAVE THE GOVERNMENT RAISED MONEY FOR WAR THROUGH TAXES AND BONDS MOBILIZING THE WORKFORCE THE NATIONAL WAR LABOR BOARD TRIED TO AVOID LABOR STRIKES PUSHED FOR WAGE INCREASES, 8 HR WORKDAY, AND RIGHT TO UNIONIZE IN RETURN, LABOR LEADERS AGREED NOT TO STRIKE WOMEN TOOK OVER MANY JOBS AS MEN WENT OFF TO WAR THE GREAT MIGRATION SUPPLIED MANY FACTORIES IN NORTH W/ AFRICAN AMERICAN LABOR FROM SOUTH SHAPING PUBLIC OPINION THE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC INFORMATION HIRED ADVERTIZERS AND ARTISTS TO SWAY PUBLIC OPINION THE GOV’T ALSO LIMITED OPPOSITION TO THE WAR AND ESPIONAGE = CIVIL LIBERTIES WERE SUPPRESSED ESPIONAGE ACT OF 1917 Propaganda AP: Talking Heads In what ways did progressives transform our nation in order to win the war? BUILDING THE MILITARY WHEN THE UNITED STATES ENTERED THE WAR IN 1917, IT DID NOT HAVE ENOUGH SOLDIERS CONGRESS SET UP A NEW SYSTEM OF CONSCRIPTION CALLED THE SELECTIVE SERVICE= ALL MEN BETWEEN AGES 21 AND 30 MUST REGISTER FOR DRAFT A LOTTERY RANDOMLY DECIDE THE ORDER IN WHICH INDIVIDUALS WERE CALLED BEFORE LOCAL DRAFT BOARD THESE BOARDS SELECTED AND EXEMPTED MEN MEMBERS OF DRAFT BOARD WERE LOCAL CIVILIANS SEEN AS BEING MORE DEMOCRATIC PROGRESSIVISM!!! BUILDING THE MILITARY - CONTINUED EVENTUALLY ABOUT 2.8 MILLION MEN WERE DRAFTED, ABOUT 2 MILLION VOLUNTEERED. SOME WANTED TO FIGHT AFTER HEARING ABOUT GERMAN ATROCITIES OTHERS WANTED TO FIGHT FOR DEMOCRACY MANY SAW WW1 AS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR ADVENTURE TROOP MORALE WAS HIGH DURING WW1, DESPITE HEAVY LOSSES DURING THE WAR 50,000 AMERICANS DIED DURING COMBAT, AND 200,000 WERE WOUNDED Talking Heads How was the Selective Service seen as being progressive? Why did many Americans volunteer to go to war? AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE WAR ABOUT 42,000 OF THE 400,000 AFRICAN AMERICANS WERE DRAFTED INTO SERVICE IN THE WAR OVERSEAS AFRICAN AMERICAN SOLDIERS FACED DISCRIMINATION AND PREJUDICE IN THE ARMY THEY SERVED IN RACIALLY SEGREGATED UNITS DESPITE OBSTACLES, THEY FOUGHT WITH DISTINCTION. TWO AFRICAN AMERICAN DIVISIONS FOUGHT IN BATTLES ALONG WESTERN FRONT WOMEN JOIN WOMEN OFFICIALLY SERVED IN THE ARMED FORCES FOR THE FIRST TIME IN WW1. THEY SERVED IN NON=COMBAT POSITIONS = CLERICAL, RADIO OPERATORS, ELECTRICIANS, CHEMISTS, ETC. THE ARMY ONLY ALLOWED WOMEN AS NURSES AP: Talking Heads What role did women play? African Americans? Activity Shell Shocked (first half) Learning Log WHAT DOES THE TERM “HOMEFRONT IMPLY”? HOW DID THE UNITED STATES RAISE MONEY TO FIGHT FOR THE WAR? WHAT IMPACT DID WORLD WAR 1 HAVE FOR WOMEN? WHAT IMPACT DID LABOR SHORTAGES HAVE ON AFRICAN AMERICANS DURING THE WAR? HOW DID THE COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC INFORMATION HELP “SELL” THE WAR TO THE AMERICAN PUBLIC? HOW DID GOVERNMENT EFFORTS TO ENSURE PUBLIC SUPPORT FOR THE WAR CONFLICT WITH IDEAS ABOUT CIVIL RIGHTS? HOW WAS THE SELECTIVE SERVICE SEEN AS BEING MORE DEMOCRATIC? WHAT WERE CONTRIBUTIONS OF AFRICAN AMERICANS DURING THE WAR? WHAT CONTRIBUTIONS DID WOMEN MAKE TO THE MILITARY DURING WWI? WW 1 part 3 War of Attrition A BLOODY CONFLICT TECHNOLOGY CAUSED BOTH SIDES TO LOSE MILLIONS OF MEN DURING WWI. THE ARRIVAL OF AMERICAN TROOPS HELPED THE ALLIES WIN, BUT THE PEACE TREATY SET THE STAGE FOR ANOTHER WAR TO COME. TRENCH WARFARE TROOPS DUG TRRENCHES TO PROTECT THEMSELVES FROM POWERFUL ARTILLARY, AND MACHINE GUN FIRE ON THE WESTERN FRONT, TRENCHES STRETCHED FROM THE ENGLISH CHANNEL TO THE SWISS BORDER SPACE BETWEEN OPPOSING TRENCHES CALLED “NO MANS LAND”…..COMBAT WAS BRUTAL!! AP Twitter NEW TECHNOLOGIES GERMANS BEGAN USING POISON GAS,THEN THE ALLIES BRITISH INTRODUCED THE TANK TO BREAK THROUGH BARBWIRE TO GET TO ENEMY TRENCHES AT FIRST, THE AIRPLANE WAS USED FOR RECONAISSANCE, EVENTUALLY LED TO “DOG FIGHTS” THE AMERICANS ARRIVE ABOUT 2 MILLION AMERICAN SOLDIERS FOUGHT IN WW1 = INEXPERIENCED…BUT GAVE HUGE MORALE BOOST!!! CONVOY SYSTEM ALLOWED TROOPS TO REACH EUROPE AP talking heads 1’s = new technology 2’s = convoy system RUSSIA LEAVES THE WAR IN MARCH 1917, RIOTS BROKE OUT IN RUSSIA AND ITS LEADER STEPPED DOWN THE BOLSHEVIK PARTY LED BY VLADIMIR LENIN EVENTUALLY OVERTHREW THE PROVISIONAL GOV. RUSSIA PULLS OUT OF WAR WHAT SHOULD GERMANY DO NOW? AMERICANS ENTER COMBAT GERMANY LAUNCHED A MASSIVE ATTACK (2ND BATTLE OF THE MARNE) AMERICAN TROOPS BLOCKED THE GERMAN DRIVE TO PARIS COUNTER OFFENSIVE = DEVIL DOGS!! FINALLY, ON 11/11, 1918, GERMANY SIGNED AN ARMISTICE , OR CEASE FIRE GERMANS HAVE NOT BEEN BEATEN, BUT THEY CAN’T WIN AP: TPS How did Americans impact the end of the War? Finish Shell Shock WILSON’S 14 POINTS 5 POINTS AIMED TO ELIMINATE CAUSES OF WAR 8 POINTS ADDRESSED THE RIGHT TO NATIONAL SELFDETERMINATION = “PEACE WITHOUT VICTORY” 14TH POINT CALLED FOR THE FORMATION OF A LEAGUE OF NATIONS TO KEEP PEACE TREATY OF VERSAILLES FRANCE AND GREAT BRITIAN IGNORED WILSON TREATY OF VERSAILLES MEANT TO WEAKEN, PUNISH, AND HUMILIATE GERMANY IT REDUCED GERMANY’S MILITARY AND FORCED IT TO PAY WAR REPARATIONS, OR WAR DAMAGES TREATY DID INCLUDE THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS, BUT USA REFUSED TO JOIN FOR FEAR OF ANOTHER WAR THE US REFUSED TO SIGN TREATY OF VERSIALLES HARSH PEACE WOULD ENSURE THAT WORLD WAR 1 WOULD BE A MERE “DRESS REHEARSAL” FOR THE LARGER CONFLICT TO COME AP Guided Reading 16-3 Learning Log What new technologies added to the war of attrition along the western front? What impact did American soldiers have when they first arrived in Europe? How did the United States win the war at sea? What impact did Russia’s withdrawal have on the war? What impact did American forces have on Germany’s final offensive? What did Alvin York do to earn the medal of honor? What did Eddie Rickenbacker do to earn the Medal of Honor? When did WWI end? What was Woodrow Wilson’s Peace Plan called? The 14 points were based on what principle? Why was the 14th point most important to Wilson? What was France and Great Britain most concerned with during the Peace talks? Why did the US Senate reject the Treaty of Versailles? WARHORSE WW1 part 4 Focus groups What new technologies added to the war of attrition along the western front? What was Woodrow Wilson’s Peace Plan called? The 14 points were based on what principle? Why was the 14th point most important to Wilson? What was France and Great Britain most concerned with during the Peace talks? Why did the US Senate reject the Treaty of Versailles? RED SCARE THE WARS IMPACT AMERICA’S VICTORY OVERSEAS LED TO TURMOIL AT HOME. THE END OF THE WARTIME ECONOMY LED TO A DEPRESSION AND FEARS OF COMMUNISM, AS STRIKES, RIOTS, AND BOMBINGS TOOK PLACE AN ECONOMY IN TURMOIL AFTER THE WAR, THE GOVERNMENT REMOVED ECONOMIC CONTROLS THE RESULT WAS INFLATION, WHICH LED TO A RISE IN THE COST OF LIVING WORKERS WANTED HIGHER WAGES, BUT BUSINESSES WANTED TO HOLD DOWN OPERATIONAL COSTS UNIONS WERE LARGER AND MORE ORGANIZED THAN EVER BEFORE, LEADING TO MORE STRIKES INFLATION LEADS TO STRIKES SHIPYARD WORKERS IN SEATTLE ORGANIZED THE FIRST BIG STRIKE LED TO A GENERAL STRIKE = ALL WORKERS IN A LOCATION, NOT JUST WORKERS IN 1 INDUSTRY WHEN POLICE OFFICERS IN BOSTON WENT ON STRIKE, RIOTS BROKE OUT THE POLICE COMMISSIONER HIRED A NEW POLICE FORCE A STRIKE BY WORKERS AT US STEEL WAS ONE OF THE LARGEST STRIKES THE COMPANY HIRED REPLACEMENT WORKERS, STRIKE FAILED AP ECONOMIC UNREST THE RED SCARE THE STRIKES OF 1919 LED MANY BELIEVE THAT COMMUNISTS WERE TRYING TO START A REVOLUTION COMMUNISM CALLS FOR THE WORKERS OF THE WORLD TO UNITE AND OVERTHROW CAPITALISTS GOALS OF COMMUNISM ARE GLOBAL, SO AMERICANS VERY CONCERNED WHEN RUSSIA BECOMES A COMMUNIST STATE SEVERAL INCIDENTS LED TO THE SCARE= 8 BOMBS IN 8 CITIES WENT OFF AT SAME TIME IN 1919 ONE OF THE BOMBS DAMAGED THE HOME OF US ATTORNEY GENERAL A. MITCHELL PALMER MOST PEOPLE BELIEVED THE BOMBINGS WERE THE WORK OF RADICALS TRYING TO DESTROY AMERICA THE PALMER RAIDS PALMER SET UP A SPECIAL DIVISION WITHIN THE JUSTICE DEPARTMENT THE GENERAL INTELLIGENCE DIVISION WAS HEADED BY J EDGAR HOOVER, BECAME THE FBI ALTHOUGH EVIDENCE POINTED TO NO ONE GROUP AS THE BOMBERS, PALMER ORGANIZED RAIDS ON FOREIGN BORN RADICALS PALMER ROUNDED UP MANY IMMIGRANTS AND DEPORTED THEM THE PALMER RAIDS CONTINUED THE PALMER RAIDS WERE CARRIED OUT WITHOUT REGARD TO CIVIL RIGHTS HOMES WERE ENTERED WITHOUT SEARCH WRRANTS, PEOPLE WERE JAILED AT FIRST PALMER WAS PRAISED, BUT HIS POPULARITY FADED WITH LACK OF EVIDENCE OF CONSPIRACY THE RED SCARE LED TO ANTI-IMMIGRATION FEELINGS AND A CALL TO CONGRESS TO LIMIT IMMIGRATION AP: RED SCARE RACIAL UNREST MANY SOLDIERS RETURNED HOME LOOKING FOR WORK SUDDEN JOB COMPETITION BETWEEN VETERANS AND AFRICAN AMERICANS IN NORTH LED TO RACIAL RIOTS AP RACIAL UNREST The Lost Generation- YouTube 3 2 1 THE ELECTION OF 1920 BY 1920, MOST AMERICANS WANTED AN END TO THE UNREST THE DEMOCRATS RAN JAMES M COX, THE REPUBLICANS RAN WARREN G HARDING HARDING CALLED FOR A “RETURN TO NORMALCY” HARDING WON BY A LANDSLIDE Activity: WW1 Learning Log WHY DID THE END OF WW1 BRING SO MUCH TURMOIL TO THE USA? WHAT EVENTS MADE AMERICANS BELIEVE A REVOLUTION WAS IMMINENT IN 1919? WHAT LED TO RACIAL RIOTS IN THE NORTH? WHAT IS “A RED SCARE”? WHAT IMPACT DID THE PALMER RAIDS HAVE ON CIVIL LIBERTIES?