Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Technology during World War I wikipedia , lookup
Historiography of the causes of World War I wikipedia , lookup
History of Germany during World War I wikipedia , lookup
United States home front during World War I wikipedia , lookup
Economic history of World War I wikipedia , lookup
Home front during World War I wikipedia , lookup
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk wikipedia , lookup
World War 1 “The war to end all wars” Time Line DATE 1914: June EVENT Franz Archduke Ferdinand is assassinated 1914: July Austria declares war on Serbia 1914: July August 1915 - 1916 Russia, France, and England go to war on Germany and Austria War goes back and forth, neither side can win [ Alliance System: Both sides predict a quick and easy victory] 1916 All sides suffer (2 million killed) incredible losses at battles of Verdun and Somme, no side wins 1917 USA enters World War 1 after the sinking by Germany submarine of Lusitanian + 128 Americans killed. Russian communist revolution and civil war, Russia quits WW1 1918: March Russia quits the war and has a revolution Allies and USA defeat Germany@ 2nd battle of the Marne 1918: July 1918: November Germany defeated. Treaty of Versailles ends WW1 in 1919 (by armistice cease-fire, no peace treaty) Military Aspects: Technology Applied to War 1. World-wide involvement: All major nations of the world were fighting at the same time for the first time in history. 2. New Weapons: Tanks, Poison Gas, Airplanes, Submarines, Dirigibleairships, giant artillery guns, and railroad cannon. 3. Naval Warfare: Use of Submarine warfare sunk millions of tons of supplies. Germany’s submarines were effectively blockaded, largest naval battle in history at Jutland. Mr. Simon - World History World War 1 Background Info. - “The war to end all wars” Start of European alliances or defense agreements. 1. Triple alliance (Germany, Austria - Hungary, and Italy) 2. Agree to defend each other if attacked 3. Triple entente (France, Britain, and Russia): Agree to defend each other. Fundamental causes of World War 1 1. Nationalism: Intense patriotism assured popular support for warlike measures and military aggression 2. Imperialism: Powerful countries desired to increase their land by attacking weaker nations 3. Militarism: Each country sought military superiority over everyone else. Millions of money spent on training and equipping huge armies + navy’s with modern weapons, machine guns, tanks, and air planes. 4. International anarchy: -> No peace institutions. There was no effective way to settle quarrels and disagreements among nations on a world-wide scale-basis 5. The Alliance System divides Europe into 2 rival camps Immediate causes: 1. Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated in June 1914 by a Serbian student... Austria declares war on Serbia. The alliance system legally requires allies to support each other. Most of Europe declares war on each other. USA remains strongly anti-war and isolationist. President Woodrow Wilson is reelected by his promise to “Keep us out of war”. Mr. Simon - World History World War 1 End of World War 1: Peace, Plans, and Effects President Woodrow Wilson: 14 points were proposed before the end of WW1 calling for a lasting peace. His program was widely praised in Europe but rejected by the American people and dismissed by congress. The Provisions of the 14 points: [1] Open treaties of peace. [2] Freedom of the seas. [3] Removal of trade barriers. [4] Reduction of armaments. [5] Impartial adjustment of colonial claims with due regard for the interests of the native people. [6] Adjustment of European boundaries based on nationality. [7] Right of any national group to self-determination. [8] Establishment of a League of Nations to mediate and solve global conflicts. Etc. 9 - 14 details 1919: Treaty of Versailles with Germany 1. Different allied objectives. The problem with the treaty that ended WW1 were many. The leaders if the USA and Europe all wanted different objectives: A) David Lloyd George the Prime minister of the United Kingdom wanted to expand England’s colonial power, preserve its naval and industrial power, and “make Germany pay for the war” B) Georges Clemen Leau. The premier of France wanted to make France safe against future German invasion andd then weaken Germany military, financially and take territory from Germany as a buffer zone on its east border. C) US president Woodrow Wilson sought to provide a just peace and create a better and safer world for democracy “through his 14 points” Major treaty provisions: A) Major territorial changes! Germany lost the Alsace-Lorraine province on its west border to France. 2. Border reigns in the North to Denmark and begin 3. Parts of its eastern border to Poland. 4. Seaport of Dazing was given to Poland A) Germany was forced to give all colonial territory to the allies B) Near total disarmament: Germany lost its air force, submarines, battleships and were forbidden to manufacture war materials and equipment C) War guilt and reparations: Germany was forced to accept sole responsibility for causing the war and were forced to pay $3 billion per year for the next 30 years. Social results of WW1: 10 million KIA, 20 million wounded mass famine and disease and poverty. Economic: Cost of WW1 = $350 billion lowered living standards in France. It caused Russian revolution in 1917. Political: 3 major monarchs lost power and many nations turned to dictators. Mr. Simon - World History World War 1 Mr. Simon - World History