Download World War 1

World War 1
(1914-1918)
SS5H4 Describe the US
involvement in WW 1
• a. Explains how German attacks on the US
shipping during the war in Europe (1914-1918)
ultimately led the US to join the fight against
Germany; include the sinking of the Lusitania
and concerns over safety of U.S. ships, U.S.
contributions to the war, and the impact of
the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.
World War 1
• World War 1 was the first war that involved
countries from ALL over the WORLD. Although
the war started in 1914, the UNITED STATES
did NOT enter the war until 1917. When the
war was over, the boundaries of several
European countries had changed.
• Although it was said to be the WAR to END all
WARS, it actually set the stage for another
war.
Maps of Europe BEFORE & AFTER
World War 1
BEFORE WW1
Europe 1914
AFTER WW1
Europe 1919-1938
World War 1
• In the 19th and early 20th centuries, Britain,
France, and other European nations were
seizing territory in Asia and Africa. When one
country takes over another it is called
imperialism.
• Smaller nations in Europe sought out alliances
to protect themselves from being taken over
by an imperialist nation.
Causes of World War 1
• By 1914, military tensions and a series of
alliances have Europe on the edge of war. In
August, the fuse is lit by an assassination in
Sarajevo. By war's end, more than 100
countries would be involved in the conflict.
• http://www.history.com/videos/causes-ofworld-war-i#causes-of-world-war-i
• SEE WW1 book “The Spark” pg. 3
Causes Continued
• The industrial countries of Europe were very competitive.
Some had large world empires. Their leaders wanted to
increase the size of these empires.
• To protect themselves, countries formed alliances. These
alliances said that if one nation was attacked, the other
nations would defend it. France, Russia, and Great Britain
had an alliance called the Triple Entente.
• The war was triggered by the assassination of the Austrian
Archduke Franz Ferdinand by a Serb in Sarajevo. In
response, Austria-Hungary ATTACKED Serbia on July 28,
1914—officially starting the Great War (WW1). The person
who assassinated Ferdinand was a young member of a
terrorist group called the Black Hand.
Causes Continued
• The alliances brought many countries into the war. Russia
came to the aid of Serbia. Germany then DECLARED war on
Russia. France DECLARED war on Germany. Germany
ATTACKED Belgium. Britain ENTERED the war to help
Belgium and France.
• Many Czechs, Slovaks, and other Slavic peoples, seeking
freedom from Austria-Hungary fought for the Allies.
• The Allied Powers included Great Britain, France, and
Russia.
• The Central Powers included Germany and Austria-Hungary.
Great War Alliances
ALLIES
Great Britain
Belgium
France
Italy (from 1915)
Japan
Portugal
Russia
CENTRAL POWERS
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Bulgaria (from 1915)
The Ottoman Empire
The “Firsts” Video
• WWI may have been the war to end all wars,
but it was also the beginning of many military
and civilian technologies.
• http://www.history.com/topics/world-wari/videos#wwi-firsts
• SEE WW1 book “Poison Gas” pg. 10
• SEE WW1 book “Dogfights” pg. 11
• SEE WW1 book “Tanks” pg. 12
REAL FOOTAGE of WW1
• In this History Rewind video clip, take a step back
in time to the beginning of World War 1. The
repeated sinking of American ships caused the
President to declare war. Watch the historic black
and white footage of some of the attacks.
• http://www.history.com/topics/world-wari/videos#world-war-i-germans-attack-us-navyboats
(This is a PRIMARY SOURCE)—it is REAL footage.
Trench Warfare
• Although best known for its role in the long slog of World War I,
trench warfare actually got its start on the battlefields of the
American Civil War. Find out how new weapons and technology
played a part in both its development and destruction.
• http://www.history.com/topics/world-wari/videos#trench-warfare
• SEE WW1 book “Trench Warfare” pg. 9
• Trench warfare was a form of war where each side dug
trenches. Soldiers stayed in the trenches. Some trench
systems were as long as 400 miles. The area between the
trenches was called NO MAN’S LAND.
Contributions
• Since the war in Europe had taken millions of farm
workers away from their farms and factories, there was
a huge demand for food, clothing, machines,
munitions, guns, and supplies.
• This meant that American business was doing well. Our
nation was prospering by supplying both sides with the
things they needed.
• Blockades began to prevent the United States to sell to
German supporters—the U.S. then sold ONLY to Britain
and its supporters.
• This made Germany really mad.
U-Boats Sink the Lusitania in 1915
• When Germany torpedoes a British passenger ship believed to be
smuggling arms, anger at the resulting American deaths increases
pressure on President Wilson to enter World War I.
• http://www.history.com/topics/world-wari/videos#u-boats-sink-the-lusitania-in-1915
• SEE WW1 book “U-Boats” pg. 7
• SEE WW1 book “Sinking of the Lusitania” pg. 6
Reasons for ENTERING the WAR
• When war broke out in Europe, the United States declared that
it would remain NEUTRAL, or NOT take SIDES.
• The U.S. began to turn against Germany after German submarines,
called U-boats(short for underwater boats), sank the Lusitania, an
unarmed British passenger ship, killing almost 1,200 people
including over 100 Americans. The U.S. claimed that the sinking of
the Lusitania went against the LAW that says that all SEAS are
NEUTRAL territory.
• German U-boats also sank several unarmed American commercial
ships. This continued sinking of American ships eventually led
President Woodrow Wilson to ask Congress to
DECLARE WAR on Germany on April 6, 1917.
WW1-PACKS
• In a Mail Call video, R. Lee Ermey answers a question from
Mark of Kansas who wants to know what was in a World War I
backpack. Ermey reveals that the backpacks WWI soldiers had
to wear served to be an annoyance.
• http://www.history.com/topics/world-wari/videos#world-war-i-packs
Treaty of Versailles
Ends World War 1
•
German resentment over harsh peace terms leads to a rise in nationalist sentiment and
the eventual rise to power of Adolf Hitler.
• http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/videos#treatyof-versailles-end-world-war-i
• All nations met together at the Paris Peace Conference to
create terms to end the war.
• On November 11, 1918, both sides signed an agreement,
called an armistice, to end fighting. The Treaty of Versailles,
signed on May 7, 1919, formally ended the war. The United
States lost 116,516 soldiers during the war. A total of almost
10 million soldiers died in the war. 21 million were wounded.
5 million civilians, people who are not soldiers, died.
• SEE WW1 book “Treaty of Versailles” pg. 26
The Treaty of Versailles
Made the following Conditions:
• Germany was forced to give up territory and colonies to Britain,
France, Belgium, Denmark, Poland, and other Allied nations.
• To prevent Germany from starting another WAR, the size of its army
was reduced. It was FORBIDDEN to have submarines, aircraft,
armored cars, or tanks.
• Germany accepted responsibility for starting the war and was
PENALIZED $33 billion in damages to other nations. ***Germany
NEVER paid the $33 billion in damages***
• The League of Nations was formed. It was President Woodrow
Wilson’s idea, however the United States never joined.
• Turkish territories in the Middle East, such as Palestine (now Israel),
were made protectorates (territories under the protection) of Great
Britain and France.
Coming Home from WW1
• In this video clip, a veteran of World War I
talks about what it was like to return home
from the war. He talks about how they pulled
into New York Harbor on Easter Sunday and
they could see the Statue of Liberty.
• http://www.history.com/topics/world-wari/videos#coming-home-from-world-war-i