Download A Flawed Peace

Monday Nov. 28th, 2011 Bell Work
1. What is Propaganda? Glossary
2. What is Nationalism? Glossary
3. What are Natural Rights? Glossary
Review
• Europe divided/ 2 rival camps
• Chain reaction in Alliance system
• Allies/Central powers
• Schlieffen Plan
• Western Front/ Trench Warfare
• Eastern front
Review Legacy of World War I
1. New kind of War – New technologies
• Unprecedented amount of death & destruction
• Entire generations of Europeans killed
2. Economic Impact on Europe
• Drained treasuries of European countries
• Destroyed acres of farmland, homes, towns
3. America the big winner
• No battles on U.S. soil
– Enter War late
– Fewer casualties & Economic Hardships
4. Peace Agreement
• Prompted anger & resentment = World War II
Objectives
1. What countries were in the Big Four?
2. What were the aims of the U.S.
government after the war?
3. What were the weaknesses of the Treaty
of Versailles?
California State Standard
• 10:6:1
• Analyze the aims and negotiating roles of
world leaders, the terms and influence of
the Treaty of Versailles and Woodrow
Wilson’s Fourteen Points, and the causes
and effects of the United State’s rejection
of the League of Nations on world politics.
A Flawed Peace
Chapter 13.4
Main Idea
The Treaty of Versailles dictated by the Allies
created bitter feelings among the losers.
**With victory comes the spoils of war.**
Why it matters
These bitter feelings established by the
“Treaty of Versailles” cause WWII.
Setting the Stage : January 1919
• Paris Peace Conference: 32
countries, led by the Allies
Struggled
– To solve their problems
(What to do with Germany?)
– Creating a “lasting” peace!
Russian City
•
Jan. 1919 Paris Peace Conference:
Objective 1
Led by Big Four:
1. Woodrow Wilson
(US)
2. George Clemenceau
(France)
3. David Lloyd George
(Great Britain)
4. Vittorio Orlando
(Italy)
• **Why is Russia not
here?**
– Most major decisions
made by the 4
• The Fourteen Points:
– Crafted by Wilson
– #1-4
•
•
•
•
End to secret treaties
Freedom of the seas
Free trade
Military reductions
– #5
• Adjusting of colonial claims
– **Fairness towards colonial peoples**
– #6-13
• Suggestions for creation of new
nations
**Woodrow Wilson
The Fourteen Points Cont:
– #14
• Can handle disputes before war breaks out
• League of Nations:
• Shot down by U.S. govt.- U.S. felt it would be
dragged into Euro Conflicts
Aims of the Allies: Objective 2
• France/Great Britain
– Wanted to strip Germany of War
making capabilities
– Wanted Germany to pay $$$
– Gain Central power colonies as
reparations
• Use mandate system
• US
– Lasting Peace
– To stay out of European affairs
• Italy
– Wanted to gain territory
• Japan
– Gain territory, influence, respect
Pre-World War I
Germany
• Loss of territory
• Severe restrictions placed on military
• Article 231 “War Guilt Clause”
– Sole responsibility of war placed on Germany
• Germany must pay allies $$$
Austro-Hungary
• Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia
– All Become independent nations
– Self determination in action
Ottoman Turks
• Only maintain control of
Turkey
• England controls:
– Palestine, Iraq, Trans
Jordan
• France controls:
– Syria, Lebanon
• Both use mandate
system:
– Allies govern ex colonies
of central powers until
judged ready for
independence
• What happened to self
determination?
Present Day Middle East
• 1000s of Jews flee
Ottoman Empire
• Where do they go?
• Jews go to the
middle east (Isreal)
Russia
– Russia will lose territory
– Romania and Poland gain land from Russia
– Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania become independent
Treaty Weaknesses: Objective3
• Germany humiliated:
– War-guilt clause, stripped of
colonial possessions
• Soviet Union loses territory:
– Not at conference
• Opposition from U.S. :
– Too harsh
– League of Nations opposed – didn’t
want to get involved in foreign
issues
– Solved nothing, laid foundation for the
tensions to build for the next war.
Objectives
1. What countries were in the Big Four?
2. What were the aims of the U.S.
government after the war?
3. What were the weaknesses of the Treaty
of Versailles?
Reaction to the Treaty of Versailles
Germany
Africa & Asia
Italy and
Japan