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Download File - Welcome to Mrs. Foley`s World History Class
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The Muslim World The Rise of Islam The Prophet Muhammad - Muhammad, born in Mecca around 570 a.d. - Successful Merchant - Married - A good father -Gabriel called him to be the messenger of God. Muhammad (Continued.) • Urged Arabs to give up their gods + believe in one true god, Allah. • Muhammad and followers left Mecca for Medina • 630 a.d. – Muhammad returns to Mecca and unites all Arabs under Islam. • Muhammad died in 632 a.d. • A religion, but also a way of life. – Pray at mosques – Follow the Qu’ran Medina Teaching of Islam • Monotheistic • Go to heaven or hell • No official priests Five Pillars of Islam (5 basic duties) 1. Declaration of Faith 2. Daily Prayer – facing Mecca while praying Sacred text called “The Qu’ran” 3. Give Charity to the Poor 4. Fast from sunrise to sunset during holy month of Ramadan 5. Hajj, or Pilgrimage to Mecca (Arabs are expected to visit Mecca at least 1 time in lifetime) The Spread of Islam Movements within Islam • Two Sects – and - Wanted caliphs chosen by Muslim leaders - 90% of Muslims are Sunni. - Shiites saw successor as descendents of Muhammad Decline of the Caliphate 900’s a.d. – Turks moved into the Middle East and converted to Islam 1095 a.d. – Pope Urban II calls for the first crusade because Turks weren’t allowing Christian pilgrims to travel to Jerusalem. 1099 a.d. – Crusaders capture Jerusalem. -next 150 years, fighting continued over Jerusalem. Pope Urban II 1216 a.d. – Genghis Khan leads Mongols out of Asia into the Middle East 1258 a.d. – The last caliph was killed by the Mongols, who then adopted Islam for their own religion. Genghis Khan •Slaves existed. Muslims could not be enslaved. •Most Slaves were houseworkers. It was considered an honor to be a Merchant because Muhammad was a Merchant. • • Religious Art was not allowed to portray god or human figures. • Used curved lines and Calligraphy. Islamic Architecture used giant domes and arches. Islamic scholars pioneered the study of algebra, medicnine and public health All islamic children received an elementary education. - 1000 Afghans and Turks pushed into India and made Delhi the capital, by which a Sultan ruled. -1398 a.d. – Tamerlane invaded India, and took away Sultan’s rule. Brought hinduism. -There were a lot of differences between the Muslims and the Hindus -Many Hindu’s converted to the Muslim faith. Statue dedicated to Tamerlane in his image. - 1526 a.d. – Mongol/Turkish Invaders try to retake India again. - Babur was a military genius, author, and poet. -Babur set up Mughal dynasty, which ruled from 1526 to 1857 a.d. - His grandson was Akbar -1556-1605, Akbar created a strong central government which led to his title, Akbar the Great. -Muslim law won support of Hindues, encouraged trade, modernized army, and created land reforms. The Taj Mahal Akbar the Great Babur Jahangir The Ottoman Empire • Ottomans-another group came from Asia • Enjoyed golden age under Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent • Ottomans ruled diverse people-Non-Muslims organized into millets (religious communities • Safavids (another group) were Shiite Muslims • Ottomans were Sunni Muslims • Both Ottoman and Safavid artists were influenced by Persian styles