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END OF THE CIVIL WAR SWBAT: Explain why blacks were attacked during the New York City Draft Riots DO NOW • What message is expressed by these potholders? Where do you think you could find such potholders being sold? • hope for a better life for emancipated slaves, sold at a fair in Chicago to raise money for Union soldiers NEW YORK CITY DRAFT RIOTS • July 1863 • Massive amount of human loss at the Battle of Gettysburg New York instituted a new draft provoked riots in New York City for 4 days • The mob (mostly Irish immigrants) assaulted draft offices, mansions of wealthy Republicans, industrial establishments, & the city’s black population • Over 100 people died as a result READING FOR UNDERSTANDING • Read, annotate & respond to the 3 questions based on the text: “The New York City Draft Riots” • Share and discuss your responses as a group! UNION TRIUMPHS • Lincoln appoints Grant to command all Union armies • Strategy of war by attrition wear down Confederate army & systematically destroy supply lines • Fighting foreshadowed trench warfare of WWI • “War between gentlemen” “Total war” against civilians & soldiers SHERMAN’S MARCH TO THE SEA • General William Tecumseh Sherman led 100,000 men on a campaign of destruction • Tennessee Georgia South Carolina (Columbia = cradle of secession) • Burned cotton fields, barns, homes broke the spirit of Confederacy END OF THE WAR • Winter 1864-65: hunger spread through the south • April 3, 1865: Richmond fell to Union forces • April 9, 1865: Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House (Grant allowed Lee’s men to return home with their horses) • April 14, 1865: John Wilkes Booth assassinated Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre in Washington D.C. ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF WAR • First income tax issued during the war • Paper money known as “greenbacks” issued; NOT redeemable for gold • Inflation • Unified banking network • Fortunes made during war new class of millionaires to finance postwar industrialization (Carnegie, Vanderbilt) SOCIAL EFFECTS OF WAR • Women: • Operated farms, plantations, factories, served as military nurses during war • Left their positions when men returned • Nursing field now open to women • Responsibilities during war push for equality • Slaves: • 13th Amendment freed 4 million people • Economic hardship & political oppression would continue for generations WRAP UP • How did the battle at Gettysburg significantly change the tide of war? • To what extent to you believe Sherman’s March to the Sea was responsible for the defeat of the Confederacy?