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The Daily Life and contributions of the Ancient Romans World History I Main Ideas • Culture - Roles in Roman family life and society were clearly defined. • Belief Systems – Roman religious beliefs were influenced by other cultures and linked with government. • Culture – Although they were overcrowded and dirty, Roman cities were also places of interesting innovations and entertainments. Family and Society Essential Question: How were the family and society organized? Women and Children • Women – Women could inherit property but couldn’t vote – Women ran household, and cared for children – Father was head of the house and owned property • Children – Most were educated at home • Rich families sent boys to private school – Girls learned household skills • Married around the age of 14 Social Classes • Patricians and wealthy plebeians formed upper class • Middle class of businessmen and officials developed • Farmers formed one of the lower classes • Slaves were the lowest and largest class – About one-third of the population – Worked in mines, on estates, as servants, or in clerical positions – Revolts were common, but none succeeded Review Question: What were the roles in a typical Roman family? Roman Beliefs Essential Question: What religious beliefs did the Romans hold? Religious Influences on Religion and Public Life • Religious influences – Early Romans worshipped nature spirits and household gods – Later, they adopted Etruscan rituals and Greek gods • Religion and Public Life – Religion and government were linked • Priests were government officials • Emperor was head of church – Roman gods that symbolized state were honored in public ceremonies – Over time, living emperor was worshipped as a god Greek and Roman mythology Greek Name Roman Name Zeus Jupiter Hera Juno Athena Minerva Apollo Apollo Aphrodite Venus Artemis Diana Religion • Roman Mythology • Later adoption of Christianity as imperial religion The Pantheon Review Question: What influences helped form the Roman religion? Life in Roman Cities Essential Question: What was life like in Roman cities? The Crowded City • At the height of the Roman Empire, nearly 1 million lived in Rome • People moved to Rome from all over the empire • The poor and unemployed lived in dirty, noisy, and crowded city center – Lacked food – Government gave free grain to prevent unrest • The rich had large country homes, and/or lavish houses in the cities – Went to theater, had dinner parties – Ate food like dates, oysters, ham Ancient Roman Apartments (insulae) Structures of City Life • Built sewers and plumbing systems to improve sanitation • Aqueducts brought water to towns through pipes and channels – Mostly underground, but also over high bridges • Public baths were used by all classes to bathe and to socialize Aqueducts Health • Emphasis on public health – Public baths, public water system, medical schools Roman Sports • Government provided entertainment to distract Romans from problems – Circus Maximus: large oval stadium for chariot races – Colosseum – famous arena • Gladiators – trained slaves who fought as warriors to the death in arenas – Arenas were located throughout the empire, but the Colosseum was the main event Circus Maximus The Colosseum Review Question: How did the Roman government try to solve some of the problems of city life? Technology Roman Arch Other contributions • Latin – Romance languages (French, Spanish, Italian, English, etc.) • Literature: Virgil – Aeneid – One of the greatest works of Roman literature – A myth about the beginnings of Rome • Principle of “Innocent until Proven Guilty” – Twelve Tables Lesson Summary • Family life and social classes were important in ancient Rome. • Romans worshipped many gods both privately at home and in public ceremonies. • Roman city life was challenging, but the government tried to ease some of its problems. • The Romans made many technological advances that impacted Western culture. Why it Matters Now… Ancient Rome was a mixture of different cultures and beliefs, just like many modern societies today including our own.