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Chapter 3 - Living Systems: Biological Diversity and Heredity
Life Science Standards: 1, 7, 8, 10, 11, 18
1. The diagram below shows the beaks of five
species of birds that developed over time from
one parent species. The five species of birds can
be found living in the same area.
Which of the following best explains why the
beak shape of each species of bird developed
differently?
A. Each beak shape helps the birds to produce
different songs.
B. Each beak shape is an adaptation to a
specific source of food.
C. Each beak shape is designed to construct a
different type of nest.
D. Each beak shape helps protect the birds from
a different predator.
4. The cows in a rancher’s herd of cattle have
been selectively bred to produce milk. Which of
the following will cause the next generation of
cows to receive the trait for producing large
quantities of milk?
A. nutrients in the cows’ food
B. essential minerals in the cows’ water
C. electrical impulses in the cows’ brains
D. information in the cows’ chromosomes
5. Which of the following best describes the
purpose of the chromosomes in the nucleus of a
cell?
A. to store the genetic instructions needed to
specify traits
B. to release energy by breaking down food
molecules
C. to transport nutrients into and out of the cell
D. to protect the cell from microorganisms
6. The picture below shows a paramecium.
2. If a new organism were discovered, which of
the following would most likely be used to
classify it into the appropriate kingdom?
A. the color of the organism
B. the organism’s natural habitat
C. the structure of the organism’s anatomy
D. the location where the organism was found
3. While hiking through Granville State Forest,
a student finds an unusual plant-like organism
that appears to lack chlorophyll. When the
student examines a sample using a microscope,
he sees many cells with cell walls and no
chloroplasts. This organism is most likely a
member of what Kingdom?
A. Animalia
B. Eubacteria
C. Fungi
D. Protista
In which kingdom is the paramecium classified?
A. Animalia
B. Fungi
C. Plantae
D. Protista
7. What kingdom contains organisms that are
multicellular, have no chlorophyll, and absorb
nutrients from decaying tissue?
A. Fungi
B. Plantae
C. Protista
D. Animalia
11. The figures below represent two
chromosomes from an animal.
8. The pictures below show two dogs of the
same breed that have different coat colors.
Using the table below that describes the traits
carried on Chromosome #6, which trait can the
animal inherit only from its mother?
The instructions that determine coat color are
stored in the
A. cytoplasm of skin cells.
B. membrane of every cell.
C. mitochondria of hair cells
D. chromosomes of every cell.
9. The diagram below shows the chromosomes
from a cell after they were photographed under
a microscope.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following questions may best be
answered by studying an organism’s
chromosomes?
A. What sex is the organism?
B. Is the organism endangered?
C. Where is the organism’s ecosystem?
D. How does the organism obtain its food?
10. A scientist is comparing two body cells of a
multicellular organism. Which of the following
is most likely identical?
A. shape of cell walls
B. number of mitochondria
C. shape of cell membranes
D. number of chromosomes
long hair
black hair
white hair
short hair
12. Which of the following best describes the
number of chromosomes in a normal human
liver cell?
A. 23 pairs of chromosomes
B. 46 different types of chromosomes
C. 46 male chromosomes and 46 female
chromosomes
D. 23 original chromosomes and 23 duplicate
chromosomes
13. Which of the following observations best
supports the conclusion that two animal species
evolved from a common ancestor in recent
geological history?
A. The species are both herbivores.
B. The species have similar bone structure.
C. The species live in the same environment.
D. The species both obtain oxygen from the air.
14. The diagram below shows the X
chromosomes in a female fruit fly and the X and
Y chromosomes in a male fruit fly.
The two fruit flies are crossed with each other.
The female offspring of the fruit flies will
receive which pair of chromosomes?
15. Which of the following is the primary
advantage of sexual reproduction when
compared to asexual reproduction?
A. There is a greater number of offspring.
B. There is more food available to offspring.
C. There is greater genetic variety in offspring.
D. There is a longer development time for
offspring.
17. A species of moth in England has both a
light-colored form and a dark-colored form. In
the mid-1800s, the percentage of dark-colored
moths increased in areas where black soot from
factories covered the trees. The soot in these
areas has decreased in more recent times as a
result of pollution laws. Which of the following
statements describes what has most likely
happened to the moth populations in these
areas?
A. The moth populations went extinct.
B. The moth populations migrated south.
C. The percentage of light-colored moths in the
populations decreased.
D. The percentage of dark-colored moths in the
populations decreased.
18. Which of the following statements best
describes the process of natural selection in a
population?
A. All individuals develop traits to match
changes to their environment.
B. All individuals learn to adapt to specific
changes that occur slowly in their
environment.
C. Some individuals respond to their
environment by mutating to make
themselves more likely to survive.
D. Some individuals have genetic differences
that make them more likely to survive and
reproduce in their environment.
16. Anya is observing an organism in the laboratory. The table below shows her observations.
The organism Anya is observing most likely belongs to which kingdom?
A. Animalia
B. Eubacteria
C. Fungi
D. Plantae
19. The pictures below show bone structures in three animals. The similarity in structure of the bones
of these animals suggests that
A. the size of these bones is the same.
B. these species share common
ancestors.
C. these species developed at the same
time and location.
D. the chemical make-up of these
animals is exactly the same.
20. The diagram to the right shows the evolutionary
relationship of several primates.
Based on the diagram, which of the following statements is
true?
A. Lemurs were the most recent to evolve.
B. Gorillas evolved directly from chimpanzees.
C. Spider monkeys and lemurs evolved at the same time.
D. Gorillas and baboons evolved from a common
ancestor.
21. The diagram below represents part of the horse fossil record from three time periods. It includes
illustrations of the hooves and teeth of horses from each time period.
Which of the following statements is best
supported by the horse fossil record?
A. The horse has been a carnivore.
B. The horse has changed over time.
C. The horse has many common
ancestors.
D. The horse has lived in the same
ecosystem.
22. About 300 million years ago, the land of Earth was in a single mass known as Pangaea, as shown in
Figure A. About 150 million years ago, Pangaea broke up into the land masses shown in Figure B.
Based on the diagrams, which of the following
were more likely to survive on continent X
after the breakup of Pangaea than before it
broke apart?
A. organisms that lived in fresh water
B. organisms that required warm conditions
C. organisms that hibernated for long periods
D. organisms that traveled great distances
during migrations
23. A mushroom is a member of the Kingdom Fungi. Members of Kingdom Fungi are unique because
they digest their food outside their bodies and then absorb the nutrients. You may organize your answer
for parts a, b, and c in a chart.
a. Name two other Kingdoms of living organisms.
b. Give one example of an organism that is classified into each Kingdom you described in part a.
c. For each Kingdom that you selected, describe two characteristics that are used to classify
organisms into that Kingdom.
24. Individual organisms can be sorted into different kingdoms based on their characteristics. Pictures
of six organisms and a table listing four kingdoms are shown below.
a. Copy the table above into your Student Answer
Booklet.
b. Write the name of each pictured organism under
the correct kingdom in your copy of the table.
c. For each kingdom listed in the table, describe one
characteristic that all organisms in that kingdom have in
common.
25. The diagram below represents 23 pairs of structures taken from the nucleus of a human body cell.
a. Identify the structures shown in the diagram.
b. Identify the information that is contained within these structures.
c. Describe how the structures from this cell would compare to the structures in the nucleus of
another body cell from the same person.
d. Explain why the structures are in pairs.