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Name: Period: Date: Interactions Among Living Things Notes From Prentice Hall, pages 722 – 729 Adapting to the Environment, page 723 MI: Each organism has unique characteristics that affect its ability to ____________________ in its environment. Natural Selection, page 723 MI: ____________________ ____________________ is the process by which a characteristic that makes an organism better suited to its environment may eventually become more common in that species. CI: This works because organisms that are best suited tend to live longer and produce ____________________. CI: Adaptations are the ____________________ and ____________________ ____________________ that allow organism to live successfully in their environment. CI: Organisms that are ____________________ suited to the environment are less likely to survive and reproduce so that over time these characteristics may disappear. Niche, page 723 MI: Every living thing has many ___________________ that are suited to its habitat. 1 CI: An organism’s ____________________ is its role in the habitat or how it makes its living. CI: A niche includes the type of _______________________ it eats, how it ____________________ this food, and which other organisms use the organism as food as well has when and how it ____________________ and the physical ____________________ it requires to survive. Competition, page 724 MI: The three major types of interactions among organisms are: ____________________, ____________________, and ____________________. MI: ____________________ is the struggle between organisms to survive as they attempt to use the same limited resource. CI: There is a limited amount of ____________________, ____________________, and ____________________ in any habitat. CI: Organisms that survive have ____________________ that allow them to reduce competition by specializing. Predation, page 725 MI: ____________________ is an interaction in which one organism kills another for food. 2 CI: The ____________________ is the organism that does the killing while the ____________________ is the organism that is killed. CI: Predation has a major effect on the size of a ____________________. CI: Typically, predator and prey populations rise and fall in ____________________. Predator Adaptations, page 726 MI: Predators have ____________________ that make them successful hunters. CI: Examples of predator adaptations include how a cheetah can ____________________ very fast or how a jellyfish has ____________________ with poisonous substances to paralyze prey. CI: Plants like sundews have sticky _____________________ to catch flies that land on it so that the plant can digest it. CI: Other predators have features for hunting at ____________________ like an owl’s big ____________________ or a bat’s ability to produce pulses of ____________________ to find moths. Prey Adaptations, page 726 MI: Prey also have features to avoid being killed by ____________________ like the antelope’s ____________________ or the skunk’s ____________________. Defense Strategies, page 727 3 CI: ____________________ is nature’s copying trick like a caterpillar that looks like a snake. CI: ____________________ ____________________ is like when the pangolin rolls up into a scaly ball. CI: ____________________ ____________________ on a moth scare away potential predators. CI: ____________________ ____________________, like blue and yellow, tell predators not to eat because it is poisonous. CI: ____________________ is blending in like a walking leaf insect. Symbiosis, page 728 MI: Symbiosis is the ____________________ relationship between __________ species that benefits at least one of the species. CI: The three types of symbiosis are: ____________________, ____________________, and ____________________. Mutualism, page 728 MI: ____________________ is a type of symbiosis when both species benefit. CI: The long eared bats get food from the ____________________, which are also helped because they are pollinated. 4 CI: Stinging ants eat the leaves of the ____________________ ____________________ while the ants attack other species that approach the tree. Commensalism, page 728 MI: ____________________ is a type of symbiosis when at least one organism benefits while the other species is neither helped nor harmed. CI: The ____________________ benefit from building their nest on the saguaro cactus, while the cactus is not affected. Parasitism, page 729 MI: ____________________ is a type of symbiosis that involves one organism living on or inside another organism and harming it. CI: The ____________________ is the organism that lives in or on and benefits, while the ____________________ is the organism that is lived in or on and harmed. CI: Some examples of parasites are ____________________, ____________________, ____________________ that live on a host’s body and ____________________ that live inside a host’s body. CI: Parasites don’t usually kill their ____________________ because it loses its source of food. 5 Name: Period: Date: Interactions Among Living Things Questions 1. Explain how natural selection works. 2. Why can’t two species occupy the same niche? 3. What are three main ways in which organisms interact? Give one example of each type of interaction. 4. Describe five defense strategies (page 727). 6 5. List the three types of symbiotic relationships. For each type of symbiotic relationship, explain how the two organisms are affected. 7