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1-3: Interactions Among Living Things (pg.1) Name __________________ Per. ____ Key Terms: Natural Selection/ adaptations/ niche/ competition/ predation/ predator/ prey/ symbiosis/ mutualism/ commensalisms/ parasitism/ parasite/ host(13 POINTS) 29 POINTS I. Adapting to the Environment: (pg. 25) Natural Selection: A. ____________________ ____________________ is the process in which a characteristic that makes an organism better suited to its environment and becomes common in the species. 1. Individuals whose unique characteristics are best suited to their environment tend to _______________ and produce ______________. 2. The offspring _____________________ these characteristics and continue to reproduce. B. Natural selection results in _________________, behaviors and _______________ that make organisms live more successfully in their environments. C. Organisms with characteristics that are ______________ suited to the environment are less likely to be successful and eventually ______________ from the species. Niche A. All organism has a variety of ______________ that make it suited to its specific living conditions. B. A ______________ is the role an organism takes to make its living. 1. A niche includes: the _______________ it eats, how it ______________ food, and how other organisms use it for _____________. 2. A niche also includes ______________ and how an organism reproduces and the ________________ _________________ it needs to survive. II. Competition: (pg. 26) A. There are three major types of interactions among organisms: _______________, ______________________, _________________ B. Different species can share the same _______________ and _______________ requirements. C. If 2 species share the same niche, one will eventually ______________ off. D. The reason for this is _________________, the _______________ between organisms to survive as they try to use the same __________________ resources. E. In any ____________________ there is a limited amount of food, water and __________________. F. Organisms that survive have _________________ that enable them to reduce _____________________. 1-3: Interactions Among Living Things (pg.2) Name __________________ Per. ____ 25 POINTS Predation: (pgs. 27-29) A. The interaction where one organism kills another for ______________is called _______________. B. A ____________________ does the killing. C. The victim of the predator is called the ____________________. The Effect of Predation on Population Size A. _____________________ can have a major effect on population sizes. B. If a death rate exceeds the birth rate of a population, the population size usually __________________. C. If ____________________ are good at hunting the population size of the prey ________________________. D. With less food for the predators, the predator population starts to ___________________. E. Generally prey and predator populations _______________ and fall in related _______________________. Predator Adaptations: A. Predators have ________________ that help them to catch and kill ________________. 1. Cheetahs can ______________ fast for short distances. 2. Jellyfish tentacles have a poisonous substance that ________________ tiny animals 3. The sundew plant is covered with ______________ _____________ that can snare a fly that lands on it. 4. Owl’s ___________eyes let much _______________ to help it see in the dark. 5. Insect-eating bats produce pulses of ________________ and listen for ________________ to catch their prey in darkness. Prey Adaptations: A. Organisms have many _______________ that help them from becoming prey. 1. __________________ and ________________ help antelopes. 2. The ______________________________ of a skunk keeps predators away. 1-3: Interactions Among Living Things (pg.3) Name __________________ Per. ____ 41 POINTS Look at Figure 16 on page 29 and list and describe the 5 defense strategies illustrated on the page: 15 POINTS 1. ______________________: ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________: ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________: _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 4. _____________________: _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 5. _____________________: _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Symbiosis: (Pgs. 30-31) A. __________________ is a close relationship between 2 species that benefits at least _____________ of the species. B. There are 3 kinds of symbiosis: _____________________, _______________, _______________________. Mutualism: A. The relationship in which both species benefit is called __________________. B. In some cases of mutualism both species are so _______________ on each other that neither could ________________ without the other. C. Describe one of the 2 cases of mutualism listed in your text: 5 POINTS: ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ Commensalism: A. ____________________ is a relationship in which one species benefits and the other is not _________________. B. Commensalism is not very ________________ in nature because two species are either helped or harmed a little by any interaction. Parasitism: A. ____________________ involves one organism living on or _______________ another and _________________ it. B. The organism that benefits is call a __________________. C. The organism that is harmed is called a _____________________. D. Examples of parasites include __________________, _____________, and _________________. E. Unlike a predator, a parasite does not usually ______________ the organism it feeds on. F. If the host dies the parasite loses its source of ___________________.