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BOTANY FOLDABLES FOR CH 23 23-1 Roots, Stems & Leaves ** 3 Tab OUTSIDE: The cells of a seed plant are organized into different INSIDE: ________________ & ___________________ OUTSIDE: Three of the principle organs of seed plants are: INSIDE: _____________, ______________, & _________________. OUTSIDE: These organs are linked together by _________& _________ that run the length of the plant, INSIDE: performing functions such as _________________ & ______________________ and ________________________ plant activities. ***DRAWING: ¼ sheet Figure 23-1 page 580 “Vascular Plant Tissue & Organs” ***4 Tab OUTSIDE: Plant Organs INSIDE: (nothing…just glue the tab down) OUTSIDE: ROOTS INSIDE: Absorbs ________ & dissolved ___________; ____________ plants in the ground, holding soil in place & preventing _____________; Also ________ plant from harmful soil _____________ & _______________; transports ______________ & _____________ to the rest of the plant, & holds the plant _________________ against forces such as _______________ & __________________. OUTSIDE: STEMS INSIDE: Has a support system for the _______________; a transport system that carries ________________; & a _________________ system that protects the plant against _________________ & __________________. Stems can be as short as ______ or as tall as ______________; Must be strong enough to hold up ________________ & _____________. Has a subsystem that can lift _________________ from roots up to the __________________ & carry the products of _______________ from the leaves to the _______________. OUTSIDE: LEAVES INSIDE: They are the plant’s main __________________ systems. The __________, ________ surfaces of many leaves help to increase the amount of ______________ plants absorb. Leaves also expose a great deal of ____________ to the dryness of the ____, and must have subsystems to protect against ____________________. Adjustable _______________ in leaves help conserve _______________ while allowing _____________ and _______________ to enter & exit the leaf. ***4 Tab OUTSIDE: Plants consist of three main TISSUE systems: INSIDE: Dermal Tissue, Vascular Tissue, & Ground Tissue. OUTSIDE: Dermal Tissue (create an illustration) INSIDE: It is like the “_____________” of a plant that is the outermost layer of cells. OUTSIDE: Vascular Tissue (create an illustration) INSIDE: It is like the “____________” transporting water & nutrients through-out the plant. OUTSIDE: Ground Tissue INSIDE: It is “everything else” *** 6 Tab OUSIDE: Dermal Tissue INSIDE: (glue this tab down) OUTSIDE: Epidermal Cells INSIDE: (you provide the definition) OUTSIDE: Cuticle INSIDE: A thick __________ layer that protects against water loss & injury. This typically covers the outer layer of epidermal cells. OUTSIDE: Trichomes INSIDE: Tiny _____________ found on some epidermal cells, that help protect the leaf & give it a _____________ appearance. OUTSIDE: In roots INSIDE: dermal tissue includes ___________ hair cells that provide a large amount of _____________________ & aid in _______________________. OUTSIDE: On the underside of leaves, dermal tissue contains INSIDE: ________________, which regulate water loss & gas exchange. *** 5 Tab OUTSIDE: Vascular Tissue INSIDE: (glue the tab down) OUTSIDE: The principle subsystems in vascular tissue are INSIDE: ____________, a water conducting tissue, and _______________, a foodconducting tissue. OUTSIDE: Vascular tissue contains several types of specialized cells. INSIDE: (Glue down) OUTSIDE: Xylem consists of INSIDE: __________________ & ________________ OUTSIDE: Phloem consists of INSIDE: ________________ & ______________. **3 Tab OUTSIDE: Xylem INSIDE: (glue this tab down) OUTSIDE: All seed plants have a type of xylem cell called a _____________. INSIDE: These cells are long with narrow cell walls which are impermeable to water. They do have openings that connect neighboring cells to one another. OUTSIDE: Angiosperms have another kind of xylem that is called a ___________________. INSIDE: They are much wider than tracheids. LIKE tracheids, they mature & die before they conduct water. They are arranged end to end like a stack of ___________________. The cell walls in each end eventually are _____________, allowing water to _______________ freely. *** 3 Tab OUTSIDE: Phloem INSIDE: (glue this tab down) OUTSIDE: The main phloem cells are called INSIDE: ___________________________ elements. The end walls have many small __________ in them allowing materials to move from one cell to another. OUTSIDE: Companion Cells are phloem cells that surround INSIDE ________________ elements. They keep their ______ & other organelles through their lifetime. They ____________ phloem cells and _____________ in movement of substances in and out of the phloem. *** 5 Tab OUTSIDE: Ground Tissue INSIDE: Defined as cells that lie between the _____________ & _____________ tissues. OUTSIDE: In most plants ground tissue consists mainly of INSIDE:________________ (you provide the answer) OUTSIDE: Parenchyma INSIDE: (you define) OUTSIDE: Collenchyma INSIDE: (you define) OUTSIDE: Sclerenchyma INSIDE: (you define) ***5 Tab OUTSIDE: Most plants have a method of development that involves an INSIDE: open or indeterminate, type of growth. They grow and produce new cells at the _________________________________________ for as long as they live. These cells are produced in _________________________. OUTSIDE: Meristem INSIDE: (you provide the definition) OUTSIDE: New cells produced from indeterminate growth are produced in INSIDE: _______________ tissue and are ____________________ (which means they have not yet become specialized fro specific functions such as transport). OUTSIDE: Meristematic Tissue INSIDE: (you provide the definition) OUTSIDE: Differentiation INSIDE: (you provide the definition) *** Tab OUTSIDE: Near the end, or tip of each growing stem or root is an _______________ meristem. INSIDE: An ________________ meristem is a group of undifferentiated cells that divide to produce _______________ length of stems and roots. OUTSIDE: Meristematic tissue is the only plant tissue that INSIDE: produces new cells by _________________. OUTSIDE: Highly specialized cells found in _________________ INSIDE: are also produced in meristems. ```````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````` 23-2 ROOTS