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Studies in Religion Conference – Teaching Islam Timeline (n.b. all dates are in CE) 570 Traditional date for the birth of Muhammed ibn Abdallah (the Prophet of Islam) 590-628 Reign of the Persian king-of-kings, Khosrow II Parvez 602-628 Byzantine-Persian war, sometimes known as “the last great war of antiquity” 610 Traditional year for the beginning of Muhammed’s prophetic mission 610-641 Reign of the Byzantine emperor Heraclius 622 The Hijra, Muhammed’s flight from Mecca to Medina and the establishment of the umma or Islamic community there; year 1 of the Islamic calendar 630 Mecca is reclaimed by Muhammed and his followers 632 Death of the Prophet Muhammed 632-661 The reign of the “Rightly Guided” Caliphs (the Rashidun) 632-634 Rule of the first of the “Rightly Guided” Caliphs, Abu Bakr 632-634 Arab-Islamic forces begin their expansion and take Syria and Palestine from the Byzantines 634-644 Rule of the second of the “Rightly Guided” Caliphs, ‘Umar 636 Arab-Islamic forces defeat the Byzantine army at the battle of Yarmuk 638 Arab-Islamic forces capture the city of Jerusalem from the Byzantines 639 The Sassanian Persian capital city of Ctesiphon falls to the Islamic armies 641 The Byzantine province of Egypt is captured by the Islamic armies 644-655 Rule of the third of the “Rightly Guided” Caliphs, ‘Uthman (644-655) 656-661 Rule of the fourth of the “Rightly Guided” Caliphs, ‘Ali 661-684 Establishment of the Umayyad caliphate under Mu’awiya, and move of the capital city of the Islamic caliphate to Damascus 691 Initial foundation of the mosque of the Dome of the Rock by the caliph Abd al-Malik General Bibliography – Teaching Islam ḥ The Life of Muhammad. A Translation of Is āq's (sic) Sīrat Rasūl Allāh, with an Introduction and Notes. By A. Guillaume. (Oxford, 1955) Peter Brown, The world of late antiquity: from Marcus Aurelius to Muhammad (London, 1971) Michael Cook, Muhammad (Oxford, 1983) P. Crone, “The rise of Islam in the world”, from F. Robinson (ed.), The Cambridge Illustrated History of the Islamic World (Cambridge, 1996), pp. 2-31 Fred M. Donner, The early Islamic conquests (Princeton, 1981) Matthew S. Gordon, The rise of Islam (Indiana 2005) G.R. Hawting, The first dynasty of Islam (London, 1986) Hugh Kennedy, The Prophet and the age of the Caliphates (London, 1986) Michael Maas, Readings in late antiquity: a sourcebook (London, 2000, repr. 2010) Colin McEvedy, The new Penguin Atlas of Medieval History (London, 1992) Maria R. Menocal, Ornament of the world: how Muslims, Jews, and Christians created a culture of tolerance in Medieval Spain (Boston, 2002)