Download Vascular Plant Structures

Vascular Plant Structures
Dermal tissue
Ground Tissue
Vascular Tissue
Vascular Plant tissue
Plant tissues are
organized to help split
up the functions of the
plant. Vascular tissue
conducts water and
material, while the
dermal helps protect
and the ground tissue
makes up the inside.
Dermal Tissue
Dermal tissue is the outside of the plant.
In non-woody plants, the layer is called the
epidermis and is covered with a cuticle layer to
prevent water loss
In woody plants, the tissue is a collection of dead
cells called cork which contain a waterproof
chemical.
These layers also help in gas exchange and
absorption of materials.
Ground Tissue
Make up the inside of the plant parts.
Consist of thin and thick walled cells that
perform different functions
In the leaf these cells store chloroplast that
perform photosynthesis.
In the stem and root, these cells mainly
store water, sugar and starch for the plant.
Vascular Tissue
Contain two types of cells; Xylem and
Phloem.
These cells are packed like pipes that carry
fluids and dissolved particles throughout the
plant.
Xylem
Thick walled cells that
conduct water and
materials from the root
through the stem to the
leaves.
Type 1 is tracheid.
Narrow, elongated and
water flows through
pits.
Xylem Continued
In flowering plants there is a second xylem
tissue to help water flow faster.
Vessels are wider than tracheids and have
larger perforations to help aide in water
flowing quicker.
Phloem Tissue
Cells that conduct
sugar and other
materials throughout
the plant.
Cells contain cell
membrane, cytoplasm
and cell wall but either
lack organelles or have
modified ones.
Phloem continued
Conducting tubes are called sieve tubes.
Pores in the walls of neighboring sieve
tubes allow materials to move freely from
cytoplasm of one to the other.
Companion cells on each sieve tube
perform metabolic activities, protein
synthesis and cellular respiration.
Major Plant parts
Roots
Stems
Leaves
Roots are for absorption
Roots also anchor
plants and store
nutrients like sugar
and starches.
Parts include cap,
apical meristem or
growing region, hairs,
elongation and
differentiation.
Types of Roots
Tap root- has one main
root with secondary
roots growing off of.
Fibrous roots
These types of roots
have a highly
branched network of
roots that are usually
the same in size.
Adventitious Roots
These roots grow
above the ground or
from above ground
stems
Root cross section
Cortex surrounds the
vascular tissue. Part
of the ground tissue
Epidermis layer just
behind the root cap
contain root hairs.
Vascular tissue contain
xylem/phloem
Stems
Support the leaves and
contain the vascular
tissue.
Different stems
perform different
functions. Ex. Cactus
stores water, potato
stores nutrients
Stems continued
Leaves attach to stems
at nodes.
Area between 2 nodes
is the internode
Buds that grow into
branches are also
attached to a node.
Non-woody stems
Usually call herbaceous
plants
No bark or cork
surrounding the epidermis
layer
Must have cuticle layer to
conserve water
Pith is the ground tissue
Stomata in the epidermal
layer allow for gas
exchange
Woody Stems
Surrounded by cork
and annual layers
grow to form wood.
Heart wood in the
center no longer
conduct materials and
provide support
Sapwood lies outside
heartwood and
conduct materials
Woody vs. Non-woody
Differences
Cuticle vs. cork
Scattered vascular bundles vs. radial
Xylem and phloem create wood layers
Size and strength vs. support
Leaves
Attach to stem at the
petiole
Photosynthetic portion
of a plant
Contain chloroplast to
capture sunlight
Simple vs. compund
Simple vs.compound
Leaf parts
Cuticle-conserves water
Epidermis- outer layers
top or bottom
Palisades- contain
chloroplasts
Mesophyll- site for
photosynthesis
Stoma-gas exchange
Guard cells-control stoma
Microscope view of leaf
Transportation in plants
When stoma open, water is lost
Transpiration is the loss of water
90% of water taken in by roots is lost during
transpiration.
Xylem is continuous from root to leaves so
when water is lost cohesion causes root to
pull water in.
Process is like drawing liquid from siphon
Transportation continued
Water gets into roots through osmosis
Stomata open = water loss
Guard cells close stoma = no loss of water
Guard cells stay close during times of
drought
Water pressure in guard cells control the
opening or closing