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Name_________________________
Genetics
Date
270 points
Period
Directions: On the line before each statement, write correct if the statement is correct
or not correct if the statement is not correct. Use proofreading marks to make the
statement correct.
__________
8. Genetics is the study of how traits are passed
from parents to offspring.
__________
LESSON 1
Mendel and His Peas 25 points
Directions: On each line, write the vocabulary word or form of a term that correctly
replaces the underlined words in each sentence.
_____________
1. Mendel used his pea plants to study the
passing of traits from parents to
offspring.
_____________
2. Mendel’s research is considered to be the
foundation of the study of how traits are
passed from parent to offspring.
_____________
_____________
4. Mendel concluded that the haploid cell
formed in a female reproductive organ
contributed one genetic factor for each
trait.
_____________
__________
11. Mendel began his experiments with pea
plants that stayed the same from one generation
to the next.
__________
12. He then crossed those plants to create truebreeding plants.
__________
13. In Mendel’s studies of the colors of purple
pea flowers, none of the first-generation crosses
had white flowers.
__________
14. In those same experiments, about threefourths of the second-generation crosses had
white flowers.
__________
15. From those results, Mendel concluded that
white flowers on pea plants are a dominant trait.
__________
16. In other studies, a trait that showed up in the
same proportion of second-generation crosses as
white flowers did was yellow pods.
__________
17. One trait that Mendel did not study in pea
plants was the shape of the plants’ leaves.
__________
18. Pea plants were a good plant for Mendel to
study because they usually self-pollinate and are
easy to cross pollinate.
7. The other factor was the one that is
blocked by the presence of the dominant
factor.
10. Pollination in pea plants can occur in three
ways.
6. In some cases, one of the factors, such as
purple flower color, was the factor that
blocked the other genetic factor.
_____________
__________
5. The other genetic factor for each trait
comes from a haploid cell formed in the
male reproductive system.
_____________
they reproduce slowly and have easily
observable traits.
3. Mendel cross-pollinated pea plants with
different forms of the same trait to
produce offspring with two different
forms of the same trait.
9. Gregor Mendel studied pea plants because
__________
19. The Law of Dominance states that in a living
thing the dominant trait is expressed and the
recessive trait is hidden.
Standard 4: Students will understand that offspring inherit traits that make them more or less suitable to survive in the environment.
Buffalo Book 19 Leopard Book iScience Chapter 5
Page 1
Name_________________________
Heredity
Video Review
Date
25 points
You Decide!
1. Is surfing an acquired or inherited trait?
Period
Mendel’s Work
Study the figure. Then answer the following questions.
P Generation
F1 Generation
F2 Generation
You Predict!
2. What type of offspring would be created from
crossing a tall pea plant with a short pea plant?
You Decide!
3. What will the pods of these offspring, from these
parents look like?
You Observe!
4. Describe this hairline formation.
Video Quiz:
1. Skin color is an __________________ trait.
2. Playing music is an ___________________ trait.
1. What do the following symbols represent?
P Generation =
F1 Generation =
F2 Generation =
2. What trait in pea plants is being studied in the cross above?
3. _________________ is the process of passing on traits.
4. _________________ is the study of heredity.
3. What are the two alleles of this trait?
5. Gregor __________________ is called the “Father of
Genetics”.
4. Which allele is the dominant allele? Explain how you know.
6. Eye color is an example of a _______________.
5. Which allele is the recessive allele? Explain.
7. A ____________________ trait is usually expressed, and a
recessive trait is not.
8. According to the Law of Dominance, the dominant trait is
expressed and the ________________ trait is “ hidden”.
6. What alleles do the F1 offspring have? Explain which allele
was inherited from which parent.
9. A recessive trait is symbolized by a _______________ case
letter.
10. ________________ are the basic units of heredity.
Standard 4: Students will understand that offspring inherit traits that make them more or less suitable to survive in the environment.
Buffalo Book 19 Leopard Book iScience Chapter 5
Page 2
Name_________________________
Fundamentals of Genetics Video Review
You Predict! 1. What do you think the second generation of
offspring looked like?
You Decide! 2. What genes did the short plant have?
You Decide! 3. What is this person’s genotype?
You Decide! 4. What is their phenotype?
Video Quiz:
1. ______________ is the passing on of traits from parents
to offspring.
2. A __________________ trait often masks a recessive
trait.
3. Dominant traits are usually symbolized by a
_______________ letter.
4. Each parent contributes ______________ gene for a
trait to each offspring.
5. The _________________ is the visible characteristics
of an organism.
6. ___________________ is the term used to describe
two unlike genes.
7. A ______________ square illustrates possible
combinations of genes in offspring.
8. A _________________ is an organism that is
heterozygous for a trait.
9. A ________________ consists of the actual genes for
a trait.
10. In this hybrid cross, where T is dominant and lower case t is
recessive, the probability of producing short pea plants is
Date
Period
Use Ratios
25 points this page
A ratio is a comparison of two quantities. Imagine you have 15 pens and 3
pencils. The ratio of pens to pencils can be written in three ways: 15 to 3,
15:3, and 15 . Like a fraction, a ratio may be simplified. To simplify
3
the ratio 15:3, divide both terms by the greatest common factor, 3. So,
15:3 = 5:1.
A cross of two pea plants yields 400 seeds. You count 300 yellow seeds
and 100 green seeds. What is the ratio of green seeds to yellow seeds?
Step 1 Write the ratio.
green:yellow = 100:300
Step 2 Divide by the greatest common factor to simplify.
100 ÷ 100 = 1, and 300 = 100 = 3.
100:300 = 1:3
The ratio of green to yellow seeds is 1:3.
Practice: show all work
1. In a garden plot, you count 50 tall 3. In a garden plot, you count 125 redplants and 50 short plants. All the
plants are offspring of the same
two parent plants. What is the
ratio of tall to short plants?
2. In a garden plot, you count 450
yellow-flowered plants and 1,350
white-flowered plants. All the
plants are offspring of the same
two parent plants. What is the
ratio of white-flowered to yellowflowered plants?
flowered plants and 125 pink-flowered
plants. All the plants are offspring of
the same two parent plants. What is
the ratio of red-flowered to pinkflowered plants?
4. In a container of seeds, you count
35 dark-brown seeds and 105 lightbrown seeds. All the seeds come from
a cross between the same two parents.
What is the ratio of dark-brown seeds
to light-brown seeds?
______%.
Standard 4: Students will understand that offspring inherit traits that make them more or less suitable to survive in the environment.
Buffalo Book 19 Leopard Book iScience Chapter 5
Page 3
Name_________________________
Date
Period
40 points
LESSON 2
Understanding Inheritance
Directions: Answer each question or respond to each statement.
Use complete sentences. (4 points each sentence)
1. What is the difference between a phenotype
and a genotype?
2. Describe the difference between a
homozygous genotype and a heterozygous
genotype.
3. How does incomplete dominance differ
from codominance?
dominance
pedigree
genotype
heterozygous
chromosomes
codominance
homozygous
incomplete dominance
genes
environental factors
alleles
multiple alleles
recessiveness
polygenic inheritance
Punnett square
phenotype
Directions: On the line before each definition, write the term that matches it correctly.
Each term is used only once.
_____________
1.
threadlike structures in cells
_____________
2.
contain instructions for traits
_____________
3.
two different forms of a gene
_____________
4.
outward appearance
_____________
5.
determines outward appearance
_____________
6.
represented by uppercase letters
_____________
7.
represented by lowercase letters
_____________
8.
RR
_____________
9.
Rr
_____________
10. shows possible outcomes of genetic
crosses
4. What is the relationship between an allele and a gene?
_____________
11. shows inherited traits in a family
_____________
12. produces a blend of the parents’
phenotypes
5. What is the purpose of a Punnett square?
6. Give an example of a trait that is passed through polygenic
inheritance.
_____________
13. when both alleles are expressed
_____________
14. determines human blood type
_____________
15. when multiple genes determine a
phenotype
_____________
16. can sometimes influence expression of
genes
Standard 4: Students will understand that offspring inherit traits that make them more or less suitable to survive in the environment.
Buffalo Book 19 Leopard Book iScience Chapter 5
Page 4
Name_________________________
Date
Understanding Inheritance
40 points
Period
Probability and Genetics
Key Concept How can inheritance be modeled?
Complete the two Punnett squares below, and then answer the questions.
Directions: Make the Punnett squares below.
1. Punnett Square A: (4 points)
1. Show a first-generation cross between two true-breeding pea plants—
2. Punnett Square B: (4 points)
one with purple flowers (genotype PP) and one with white flowers
(genotype pp).
2. Show a second-generation (hybrid) cross between two of the plants
from the first-generation cross.
3. In the cross between two black guinea pigs shown in Punnett
Square A, what is the probability that an offspring will be black?
_____________White?_______________
4. Is it possible that the cross between two black guinea pigs in
Punnett Square A would not produce a white guinea pig?
Explain.
3. What percentage of the offspring from the first-generation cross is
likely to have purple flowers?
White flowers?
5. What color are the guinea pig parents in the cross shown in
Punnett Square B?
6. Which guinea pig parent(s) in Punnett Square B is homozygous?
4. What percentage of the offspring from the second-generation cross is
likely to have purple flowers?
White flowers?
5. What is the chance, in the form of a ratio, that the offspring from the
second- generation cross have purple flowers?
6. What is a pedigree?
Which is heterozygous?
Explain how you know.
7. Calculate the probability that an offspring will be black in the
cross in Punnett Square B.
What is the probability that an offspring will be white?
Standard 4: Students will understand that offspring inherit traits that make them more or less suitable to survive in the environment.
Buffalo Book 19 Leopard Book iScience Chapter 5
Page 5
Name_________________________
The Test Cross
(15 points)
When an organism has a trait controlled by a dominant allele, it can either be a hybrid
or a purebred. To find out which, geneticists can use a test cross. In a test cross, the
organism with the trait controlled by a dominant allele is crossed with an organism
with a trait controlled by a recessive allele. If all offspring have the trait controlled
by the dominant allele, then the parent is a purebred. If any offspring has the
recessive trait, then the dominant parent is a hybrid. Study the test cross below, then
answer the questions.
1. Is the long-haired cat in the P generation a hybrid or a purebred?
2. Is the short-haired cat in the P generation a hybrid or a purebred?
3. If the short-haired cat in the P generation were purebred, what would
you expect the offspring to look like?
4. In horses, the allele for a black coat (B) is dominant over the allele for a
brown coat (b). A cross between a black horse and a brown horse
produces a brown foal. Is the black horse a hybrid or a purebred?
Explain.
5. In guinea pigs, the allele for a smooth coat (S) is dominant over the
allele for a rough coat (s). Explain how you could find out whether a
guinea pig with a smooth coat is a hybrid or a purebred.
Date
Period
Genetic Crosses With Two Traits
(10 points)
In his work with garden peas, Mendel
also set up crosses in which he studied
the inheritance of two traits at one
time. For example, he crossed tall
plants having green pods (TTGG) with
short plants having yellow pods (ttgg).
The F1 offspring showed both traits
controlled by dominant alleles, tall and
green. Mendel allowed the F1
offspring to self-pollinate. The F2
offspring had four different
phenotypes: tall plants with green
pods, tall plants with yellow pods, short
plants with green pods, and short
plants with yellow pods. These results
led Mendel to formulate the Law of
Independent Assortment, which states
that alleles of one gene separate or
assort independently of alleles of
another gene. In other words, the
distribution of alleles of one gene does
not affect the distribution of alleles for
another gene.
Study the Punnett square of a genetic
cross between two pea plants with
two different traits.
1. What are all the possible combinations of alleles that each F1 parent can pass on to
the offspring?
2. What are the possible genotypes of the F2 offspring?
What are the possible phenotypes of the F2 offspring?
3. What is the probability that an F2 offspring will be tall with green pods?
What is the probability that an F2 offspring will be short with yellow pods?
Standard 4: Students will understand that offspring inherit traits that make them more or less suitable to survive in the environment.
Buffalo Book 19 Leopard Book iScience Chapter 5
Page 6
Name_________________________
LESSON 3
Date
DNA and Genetics
25 points
Directions: Write the correct term in the boxes to the right of each definition. Then
unscramble the letters in the shaded boxes to spell a seventh term.
DNA
RNA
mutation
transcription
nucleotide
translation
replication
1. a change in the nucleotide
sequence of a gene
2. the copying of DNA
3. carries the code for making proteins
from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
Period
Should This Dog Be Called Spot???
Imagine this microscopic drama. A sperm cell from a male dog fuses
with an egg cell from a female dog. Each dog’s gamete carries 39
chromosomes. The zygote that results from the fusion of the gametes
contains 78 chromosomes – one set of 39 chromosomes from each parent.
One pair of the zygote’s chromosomes are shown below left.
Each chromosome of the homologous pair contains alleles for the same
traits. But one chromosome may have a dominant allele and the other a
recessive allele. Use the drawings and the table to answer the questions.
Trait
Hair Length
Hair texture
Hair curliness
Coat pattern
Dominant Gene
Short (L)
Wiry (T)
Curly (H)
Spotted (A)
Recessive Gene
Long (l)
Silky (t)
Straight (h)
Solid (a)
1. Will the new puppy have a spotted coat? Explain.
4. process that makes mRNA from DNA
2. Does the female dog have a spotted coat? Explain.
3. Does the male dog have a spotted coat? Explain.
5. nitrogen base + a sugar + a phosphate group
4. What will the texture of the puppy’s coat? Explain.
5. Will the texture of the puppy’s coat resemble that of either of its
parents? Explain.
6. organism’s genetic
material
7. When they are unscrambled, the letters from the shaded boxes spell
, the process that uses RNA to make
6. Will the puppy have curly hair or straight hair?
protein.
7. a. Does the female dog have curly hair?
b. Does the male dog have curly hair?
8. Explain why you cannot completely describe the puppy’s parents even
though you can accurately describe the puppy.
Standard 4: Students will understand that offspring inherit traits that make them more or less suitable to survive in the environment.
Buffalo Book 19 Leopard Book iScience Chapter 5
Page 7
Name_________________________
25 points
Genetics in Action Video Review
You Predict!
1. What did the pea pods of these offspring look like?
You Predict!
2. What do you think the flowers looked like from this cross?
Date
Period
A Closer Look at Gene Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis
In people with cystic fibrosis, a protein called CFTR is absent from cells in the lungs.
Without this protein, mucus builds up in the lungs and causes many of the symptoms of
the disease. Gene therapy has been developed to treat cystic fibrosis. The process, which
is illustrated in the figure below, involves genetically engineering a cold virus so that it
can produce the CFTR protein and then delivering the virus to the patient’s lungs
through a tube inserted through the mouth or nose. (10 points)
You Observe!
3. What is the shape of this cell?
Video Quiz:
1. Genetics is the study of _______________.
2.
3.
__________ are the basic units of heredity.
A _______________ trait often masks a
recessive trait.
4. An offspring, according to the Law of Segregation,
generally receives a gene for a trait from each
______________.
5. Different traits are inherited ______________
of one another.
6. The cross of these four-o’clock flowers illustrates
7.
8.
___________ dominance.
Blood type is an example of ______________.
In ______________ inheritance a group of genes
together produces a trait.
9. A ________________ is a change in a gene or
chromosome.
10. Sickle cell anemia is the result of a ______________
disorder.
1. What role does CFTR play in the body?
2. Why is it necessary for the viral DNA to enter the cell’s nucleus before it
can do its job?
3. Which organelle actually produces CFTR in the treated cells?
4. The cold viruses used in gene therapy for cystic fibrosis are genetically
engineered so they cannot reproduce, and thus cannot cause a viral infection
in the patient. Because of this, the therapy does not lead to a permanent cure
for cystic fibrosis. Explain why this is the case.
Standard 4: Students will understand that offspring inherit traits that make them more or less suitable to survive in the environment.
Buffalo Book 19 Leopard Book iScience Chapter 5
Page 8
Name_________________________
Genetics Review
1. A nucleotide is to a chromosome as
A. music is to words.
C. people are to exercise.
B. food is to nutrients. D. words are to a paragraph.
Date
Period
Interpreting a Table
25 points
Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines or in the space provided.
13. Construct a Punnett square for a cross between parents with the
alleles CC and cc.
Assume that C is a dominant factor representing a chin cleft and that
c is a recessive factor representing a chin without a cleft.
2. A new plant species is discovered. Biologists note that some flowers
have royal blue petals and that others have white petals. A biologist
cross-pollinated white flowering plants with blue-flowering plants.
What color petals will be observed if there is incomplete dominance?
A. white
B. spotted C. light blue
D. royal blue
14. Predict the phenotype of the offspring for the cross in question 13.
Directions: On each line, write the term that correctly completes each sentence.
3. The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called
_____________.
4. _____________ occurs when multiple genes determine the
phenotype of a trait.
5. Offspring that result from the cross of parents with different forms of
the same trait are called _____________.
6. A deletion _____________ occurs when one or more base
15. Construct a Punnett square for a
cross between parents with the alleles
dd and Dd.
Assume that D is a dominant factor
representing dimples and that d is a
recessive factor representing a face
without dimples.
pair is left out of a DNA sequence.
7. A section of a chromosome that has genetic information for one trait
is a(n) _____________.
Does either the mother or the father
in A have dimples?
8. A(n) _____________ shows the phenotypes of genetically
related family members.
9. Different forms of a gene are called _____________.
10. Having two different alleles for a gene results in a(n)
16. Calculate the percentage of offspring who would have dimples. Use
the Punnett square in question 15 to explain your answer.
_____________ genotype.
11. Having two of the same allele for a gene makes a(n)
_____________ genotype.
17. Contrast incomplete dominance and codominance.
12. Base pairs are added to the DNA sequence in a(n)
_____________
mutation.
Standard 4: Students will understand that offspring inherit traits that make them more or less suitable to survive in the environment.
Buffalo Book 19 Leopard Book iScience Chapter 5
Page 9
Name_________________________
Pedigrees of the Rich and Famous
Date
15 points
The pedigree of Queen Victoria of England shown below is often used as an example
of sex-linked inheritance. Victoria was a carrier of hemophilia, a sex-linked disorder that
is controlled by a recessive allele. The blood of a person with hemophilia clots very slowly
or not at all because the person does not produce one of the proteins needed for blood
clotting. Victoria passed the hemophilia allele on to her son Leopold, who had the
disease, and to two of her daughters, who were carriers. The allele then passed through
successive generations of Victoria’s family, as the pedigree below shows.
Period
3. Which of Victoria’s children passed the hemophilia allele on to
Queen Victoria of Spain?
4. Assume that a direct descendant of Maria Cristina, daughter of
Queen Victoria Eugénie of Spain, has just been found to have
had hemophilia. How would this change Maria Cristina’s status?
1. Which of Victoria’s children were carriers of the hemophilia allele?
2. Which of Victoria’s children passed the hemophilia allele on to Empress
Alexandra of Russia?
?
5. Explain why males are more likely than females to have
hemophilia.
6. The current royal family is
descended from King Edward VII. Is it
possible for the current royal family to
have the hemophilia gene? Explain.
On Your Own: Research the maternal
pedigree of Queen Victoria and her
relationship to Prince Albert. Add to
the pedigree.
Standard 4: Students will understand that offspring inherit traits that make them more or less suitable to survive in the environment.
Buffalo Book 19 Leopard Book iScience Chapter 5
Page 10