Download MONERA

MONERA
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One-celled organism
No nucleus
Prokaryotic
Smallest and simplest
kind of living thing
• More monerans than
any other kind of
organism
Bacteria
• Are microscopic,
living cells
• Live almost
everywhere
• Found in the air, in the
foods you eat and
drink, and on the
surface of things you
touch
• Your skin has over
100,000 bacteria per
square centimenter
• Millions of other
bacteria live in your
body
Blue-green bacteria
• Live in moist
environments
• Use sunlight energy to
produce food
• Have chlorophyll
• No chloroplasts
Bacteria
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Live in many environments
Obtain foods in a variety of ways
3 kinds of bacteria
based on shape
Cocci bacteria
• Sphere-shaped
• An example is bacteria
that cause strep throat.
Staphyllococcus bacteria
Bacilli bacteria
• Rod-shaped
• Certain bacteria that
live in your stomach
are bacilli bacteria
Deadly e.coli bacteria
Spirilla bacteria
• Spiral shaped
• Best known cause
serious disease
Prokaryotic:
No membrane bound internal
structures
Structure of a bacterium
What’s an endospore??
A protective structure that forms
inside a moneran cell during
unfavorable conditions.
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Life Processes in Monerans
• Nutrition
• Reproduction
How do Monerans obtain food?
• Make their own food by photosynthesis
• Use the energy in some chemical
compounds to produce food
• Some cannot produce their own food
(saprobe and parasite)
SAPROBE
• Feeds on matter from dead organisms
• Feed on the waste product of organisms
• For example, the bacteria that feeds on
sweat on your skin are saprophobes.
Hosts and Parasites
Host: The one getting fed on.
Parasite: The one that hurts the
host on which it feeds.
Aerobe vs. Anaerobe
I’m aerobic
and I need
oxygen!!
I’m anaerobic..I
don’t need
oxygen!!
Reproduction
• Reproduction is by fission
• Fission is the simplest form of asexual
reproduction by just one parent.
Conjugation: the process in
which DNA passes between two
cells that join together.
Bacteria is classified into two
kingdoms
• Eubacteria
• Archaebacteria
EUBACTERIA
ARE THE LARGER OF
THE TWO BACTERIAL
KINGDOMS
EUBACTERIA
Produce their own food and are commonly called
blue-green bacteria (THEY CONTAIN
CHLOROPHYLL TO M AKE THEM GREEN)
EUBACTERIA
Sometimes they can be yellow, black, or red in color.
That’s how the Red Sea got its
name!!!
Eubacteria: Cyanobacteria
•Produce food and oxygen for aquatic life
•Too much though, and there are problems.
•Have you ever seen a pond that is covered with smelly,
green, bubbly slime?
•When large amounts of nutrients enter a pond,
cyanobacteria increase in number.
•Eventually the population gets so large that a bloom is
produced.
Eubacteria: Cyanobacteria
A bloom looks like a slimy green mat.
Eubacteria: Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria use
up available
resources and die.
Other aerobic bacteria
eat dead cyanobacteria
and use up oxygen in
water.
No oxygen in the
water: fish and
other organisms
die.
Consumer Bacteria are grouped
by cell wall thickness or thinness.
•Important for
medicine
•Some
medicines will
be more
effective against
the type of
bacteria with
thick walls vs.
thinner.
Archaebacteria
Bacteria in this group are the ones that live in
some of the toughest places to live.
The places that they live today are similar to conditions
found on Earth when it was first formed- so scientists
think these may be the oldest types of bacteria!
Some archaebacteria are found
deep in the ocean!
Finding Archaea : The hot springs of Yellowstone National Park, USA, were
among the first places Archaea were discovered. At left is Octopus Spring, and at
right is Obsidian Pool. Each pool has slightly different mineral content,
temperature, salinity, etc., so different pools may contain different communities of
archaeans and other microbes. The biologists pictured above are immersing
microscope slides in the boiling pool onto which some archaeans might be
captured for study.
Archaebacteria
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Live in salt water
Live in acid
Live deep in the ocean
At temperatures above
100 degrees
• In muddy swamps
• In intestines of cattle
• Even in you!
A. Coccoid: single cells. B. Rod or bacillus. C. Spirilla or spirilloid. D. Coccoid: filamentous
streptococcus. E. Coccoid: colonial staphylococcus. F. Flagellate spirilloid procaryote. G-I:
Examples of Cyanobacteria or "blue-green algae" G. Anabaena, a filamentous blue-green
algal. Note the heterocysts, specialized nitrogen-fixing cells. H. Oscillatoria, a filamentous
and mobile blue-green algal. I. Gleocapsa, a colonial blue-green algal.