Download Introduction to Cytology Terminology

Introduction to Cytology
Course
Rationale
Anatomy &
Physiology
The cell is the basic unit of structure and function. Each cell has a unique
shape and function. Some examples of cells include eggs (ova),
spermatozoa, muscle cells, nerve cells, and blood cells.
Unit III
Cellular Biology
Essential
Question
How do cells
work?
TEKS
130.206(c)
1A
2B,2C,2E,2F,
2G,2H
6A,6B
10A,10B,10C,
10D
Prior Student
Learning
Basic
understanding of
body orientation
terminology
Estimated time
3 – 5 hours
Objectives
Upon completion of this lesson, the student will be able to:
 list and describe the various parts of a cell and explain how their
function and diseases are related;
 describe the process of cellular mitosis;
 define neoplasm, and distinguish between benign and malignant
neoplasms;
 understand cancer growth and staging;
 describe the different transport systems within the cell; and
 explain cellular respiration and enzyme activity and dysfunction.
Engage
Put the following terms in order from largest to smallest:
Organism
Tissue
Organ
Cell
Organelle
Answer:
1. Organism
2. Organ
3. Tissue
4. Cell
5. Organelle
Key Points
I. Cell Overview
A. Hierarchy of organization
1. Atoms -- tiny building blocks of all matter
2. Molecules -- carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
3. Organelles -- miniature systems carrying out functions within the
cell
4. Cells -- fundamental unit of living organisms
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II. Cell Structures
A. Cell Membrane -- a semi-permeable membrane acting to protect the
internal cell structures and assist in cell transport
1. Passive Transport -- requiring no extra energy to transport particles
in or out of a cell as in the passively rafting using the current of the
river to assist
a. Diffusion -- passive movement of a particle from a higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration like
perfume
b. Facilitated diffusion -- a substance that carries a molecule
across; akin to passing a pail of rocks to a person who
dumps it empty and returns for more
c. Osmosis -- the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high low solute
concentration to an area higher in solute concentration to
balance out the water on both sides
d. Filtration -- different from osmosis in that pressure is
applied to move water and its dissolved materials across a
membrane, such as when you squeeze a water gun or the
blood pressure forcing water and solutes through kidneys
2. Active Transport -- a method of cell transport requiring extra energy
in the form of ATP and a protein to carry molecules across an area
already fully concentrated such as rafting against the current of the
river
a. Endocytosis -- the physical movement of a particle into a
cell resulting with an enclosed vesicle formed from the
enveloping of the cell membrane
b. Phagocytosis -- cell eating such as white blood cells
ingesting bacteria to prevent infections
c. Pinocytosis -- cell drinking
d. Exocytosis -- the physical movement of particles out of the
cell such as secretion of insulin from pancreatic cells
3. Diseases related to cell transport
a. Cystic Fibrosis -- a defect in the membrane channel carrier
proteins affecting the simple diffusion of sodium and
chloride causing thick mucus production and clogging
organs
b. Diabetes mellitus (DM) -- a disorder of facilitated diffusion
where insulin, the carrier molecule for glucose, is not
enough or is ineffective to transport into cells; this results in
hyperglycemia thus affecting the osmotic pressure of all
cells resulting in dehydrating the cells of fluid as glucose
concentration increases extracellularly and water is drawn
from within the cell. This explains why diabetics frequently
urinate with traces or high amounts of glucose in the urine.
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c. Familial Hypercholesterolemia -- A genetic disorder of
endocytosis where a fatty-protein called Low-Density
Lipoprotein (LDL-the “bad” cholesterol) is not transported
across the cell membrane together with cholesterol to make
other lipids for cell use but rather hangs out in the blood to
accumulate and clog the blood vessels
B. Cytoplasm -- the internal formative material needed for cell survival;
likened to the egg-white needed for an embryo chick to survive
C. Nucleus -- the brain of the cell that dictates the activities of the
organelles within the cell; like “City Hall” controlling the activities of
city departments
1. Chromatin -- found in the nucleus, this material contains the DNA
material or “blueprints” needed to make new cells
2. Nucleolus -- an orbital structure located within the nucleus which
synthesizes RNA and ribosomes, the organelles responsible for
getting the materials needed to work on cellular infrastructure using
our genetic blueprints
D. Ribosomes -- an organelle composed of one-part RNA and one-part
enzyme found singly in cytoplasm or on endoplasmic reticulum is the
site of cell repair and reproduction; this is compared to a
manufacturing company of the building materials used for cell
remodel and repair
E. Centrosomes -- the general area containing centrioles, the organelles
needed to prepare for the construction of new cells, like building
contractors making new buildings; centrioles prepare cell for mitosis
F. Mitochondria -- a cellular power plant, this organelle generates the
body’s energy needs by supplying ATP for body processes through
the process of cellular respiration:
C6H12O6 + 6O2
Glucose + Oxygen
6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
G. Endoplasmic Reticulum -- found with or without ribosomes on its
surface, this organelle becomes the road system within a cell
1. Rough ER -- contains ribosomes; is the site of protein synthesis
2. Smooth ER -- has no ribosomes; synthesizes fats and steroids
H. Golgi Apparatus -- this organelle, looking like a stack of flattened
sacs, is the packing and shipping center of the cell; works by
receiving all proteins produced by the ER and aids in transporting out
of the cell
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I. Lysosomes -- organelles likened to an internal waste-management
system maintaining cellular health by ingesting and destroying
invading organisms
J. Accessory structures
1. Flagella -- structure used to propel entire cell
2. Cilia -- hair-like structure used to propel objects from the surface of
certain specialized cells such as in the bronchi or in the fallopian
tubes
3. Diseases of Accessory structures
a. Tay-Sachs: Caused by lysosomal defect where there is an
enzyme deficiency rendering the lysosome unable to digest
and toxins accumulate especially in the lysosomes of
neurons resulting in mental retardation and death
b. Cigarettes and paralyzed cilia -- a side-effect of smoking;
lungs are left unable to clear particles
III. Cellular Reproduction
A. Cell Cycle- the total life of a eukaryotic or normal cell comprised of
two main stages:
1. Interphase- period or no cellular duplication
2. Mitosis -- period of cellular division through asexual reproduction
resulting with 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs of chromosomes
containing all the genetic blue print needed to duplicate an identical
daughter cell through four stages:
a. Prophase (pro- before) -- nucleus disappears and spindle
begins to gather all chromosomal material
b. Metaphase (meta- between) -- chromosomes move to
center
c. Anaphase (ana- apart) -- chromosomes begin to move
apart
d. Telophase (telo- end or across) – chromosomes move to
far end, spindle disappears, and nuclear membrane
reappears
B. Meiosis -- the process of reproduction of gametes or sex cells
containing one half of the chromosomes from each respective parent
C. Diseases of Cellular Reproduction
1. Cancer or Neoplasms -- wild, uncontrolled mitotic formations
leading to too many cells being formed into weird benign or
malignant masses
2. Benign tumors -- the proliferation of slow-growing cells kept within
a confined space and not affecting surrounding tissues; they are
not usually life-threatening
3. Malignant tumors -- are cancerous tumors (cancer or crab-like)
invading surrounding tissues or spreading through the lymphatic
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system to distant parts of the body through metastasis
Activity
I. Complete the Introduction to Cytology Key Term worksheet
II. Complete the Cells Laboratory Investigation
III. Complete the Differentiating Cells Laboratory Investigation
IV. Complete the Cell Storybook Project
V. Complete the Trash Cell Project
Assessment
Laboratory Investigation Rubric
Introduction to Cytology Exam
Materials
Internet access
microscope
water
slides
coverslips
cotton swabs
iodine solution
gloves
laboratory coat or apron
goggles
biohazard containers
surface disinfectant
paper towels
Prepared histology slides: hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia and anaplasia
Prepared histology slides of normal tissues and organs. (Note: these slides
should correspond to the abnormal slides.)
Prepared cytology slides: various structures showing cancerous
tissues.(Provide at least two -- one benign and one malignant.)
Accommodations for Learning Differences
For reinforcement the student will draw a picture of a cell. See draw the cell
activity.
For enrichment, the student will interview a cytologist or pathologist and
report on their top five pathology cases and create a poster with examples of
the diseased cells including a brief summary.
National Health Science Cluster Standards
National Health Science Cluster Standards
HLC01.01 Academic Foundations
Health care workers will know the academic subject matter required (in
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.
their area. They will use this knowledge as needed in their role.
HLC1O.01 Technical Skills
Health Care Workers will apply technical skills required for all career
specialties. They will demonstrate skills and knowledge as appropriate.
TEKS
130.206 (c)(1)(A) demonstrate safe practices during laboratory and field
investigations;
130.206 (c)(2)(A) know the definition of science and understand that it has
limitations, as specified in subsection (b)(2) of this section;
130.206 (c)(2)(B) know that hypotheses are tentative and testable
statements that must be capable of being supported, or not supported, by
observational evidence. Hypotheses of durable explanatory power which
have been tested over a wide variety of conditions are incorporated into
theories;
130.206 (c)(2)(C) know scientific theories are based on natural and physical
phenomena and are capable of being tested by multiple independent
researchers. Unlike hypotheses, scientific theories are well-established and
highly-reliable explanations, but they may be subject to change as new
areas of science and new technologies are developed;
130.206 (c)(2)(D) distinguish between scientific hypotheses and scientific
theories;
130.206 (c)(2)(E) plan and implement descriptive, comparative, and
experimental investigations, including asking questions, formulating testable
hypotheses, and selecting equipment and technology;
130.206 (c)(2)(F) collect and organize qualitative and quantitative data and
make measurements with accuracy and precision using tools such as
calculators, spreadsheet software, data-collecting probes, computers,
standard laboratory glassware, microscopes, various prepared slides,
stereoscopes, metric rulers, electronic balances, hand lenses, Celsius
thermometers, hot plates, lab notebooks or journals, timing devices, Petri
dishes, lab incubators, dissection equipment, meter sticks, and models,
diagrams, or samples of biological specimens or structures;
130.206 (c)(3)(A) in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique
scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and
experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of
scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage
critical thinking by the student;
130.206 (c)(4)(C) analyze the effects of energy deficiencies in
mal-absorption disorders such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, and Crohn's
Texas College and Career Readiness Standards
English Language Arts
II. B. Understand new vocabulary and concepts and use them accurately in
reading writing and speaking.
III. B. Develop effective speaking styles for both group and one on one
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.
situations.
IV. A. Apply listening skills as an individual and as a member of a group in a
variety of settings.
IV. B. 2. Listen actively and effectively in one-on-one communication
situations.
Science
1.E.1. Use several modes of expression to describe or characterize natural
patterns and phenomena. These modes of expression include narrative,
numerical, graphical, pictorial, symbolic, and kinesthetic.
1.E.2. Use essential vocabulary of the discipline being studied.
3.A.1. Use correct applications of writing practices in scientific
communication.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.
Introduction to Cytology Terminology
Benign
Capsid
Chromatin
Centrioles
Centrosomes
Cilia
Cytoplasm
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Diabetes Mellitus
Endocytosis
Endoplasmic reticulum
Exocytosis
Flagella
Fungi
Golgi apparatus
Hypercholesterolemia
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Lysosomes
Malignant
Metastasis
Mitochondria
Mycelia
Organelles
Organism
Osmosis
Phagocytosis
Phenylketonuria
Pinocytosis
Protozoa
Ribonucleic acid
Ribosomes
Vesicle
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.
KEY- Introduction to Cytology Terminology
Benign
Capsid
Not progressive; usually encapsulated with no changes in
surrounding tissue
The protein coverage around virus particle
Chromatin
Unraveled, loose genetic material found in cell nucleus
Centrioles
Organelle that prepares for cell morphing preceding mitosis
Centrosomes
Cilia
Region in cytoplasm containing centrioles where spindling occurs
prior to mitosis
Hair-like structures that rhythmically undulate to propel particles
Cytoplasm
Formative material within the cell that suspends all organelles
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Sequenced pairs of nucleotides forming double-helix that when
segmented will make up a gene
A condition resulting from insufficient insulin production causing a
high build-up of blood glucose
Process of cell ingestion
Diabetes Mellitus
Endocytosis
Endoplasmic reticulum
Exocytosis
An organelle with a network of channels that is the site of protein,
fat and glycogen production
Process of transporting products outside of the cell
Flagella
A hair-like structure used for motility
Fungi
A plant-like organism including yeasts and molds that thrive on
dead organic matter
The packaging center for the cell used for the process of
transportation
A condition resulting with an increase of cholesterol in the blood
Golgi apparatus
Hypercholesterolemia
Lysosomes
Malignant
Metastasis
Mitochondria
Neoplasm
An organelle with digestive enzymes that protects the cell from
invasion
Cancerous; a mutation in cells and tissue aggressively imposing on
surrounding structures
The process by which cancerous cells travel through lymphatic
system to invade distant structures
The organelle responsible for cellular respiration
New formative material causing either a benign or malignant
change in tissue or organ
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Organelles
Organism
Osmosis
Phagocytosis
Phenylketonuria
Pinocytosis
Protozoa
Ribonucleic acid
Ribosomes
Vesicle
Small cellular structures with specialized functions akin to
miniature body systems
An individual living thing
The movement of water or solvent across a semi-permeable
membrane to create a balanced concentration
An example of endocytosis resulting in ingestion of solid particles
into the cell; cell eating
PKU; an inherited disease causing brain injury and death when
phenylketones build-up in the body
An example of endocytosis resulting in ingestion of liquid particles
into the cell; cell drinking
Unicellular organisms such as protozoa that thrive on decaying
matter
Molecule contained in ribosomes and necessary for making
proteins
Organelles made of RNA and protein material found within the
cytoplasm and on the surface of endoplasmic reticulum and is the
main site of protein synthesis
A membrane-bound storage sac with a cell
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.
Cells Laboratory Investigation
Purpose
In this laboratory investigation, the student will observe cells and differentiate between normal
and neoplastic tissues.
Background Information
Materials
microscope
water
slides
coverslips
cotton swabs
iodine solution
gloves
laboratory coat or apron
goggles
biohazard containers
surface disinfectant
paper towels
Procedure
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Wash hands and put on gloves and goggles.
Assemble equipment and materials.
Prepare work area.
Gently scrape inside of cheek with cotton swab.
Stir end of cotton swab in drop of water on a slide.
Add a drop of iodine solution to color cells.
Place the coverslip at a 45-degree angle on the edge of the water/saliva mix. Allow
the liquid to spread down the edge of the coverslip. Once it has spread, carefully
lower the coverslip over the liquid.
Look at slide under microscope to observe skin cells.
Clean work area with surface disinfectant. Remove goggles and gloves and wash
hands.
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Data
Draw a picture of your cheek cell. Label the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus.
Conclusion:
1. List the three parts of the Cell Theory in your own words.
2. Write a brief description of each of the following:
a. Organelle
b. Cell membrane
c. Cell wall
d. Nucleus
e. Eukaryote
3. Why is it necessary to use a stain in this lab exercise?
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.
Differentiating Cells Laboratory Investigation
Purpose
In this laboratory investigation, the student will observe cells and differentiate between normal
and neoplastic tissues.
Background Information
Materials
Microscope
Prepared histology slides: hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia and anaplasia
Prepared histology slides of normal tissues and organs. (Note: these slides should correspond
to the abnormal slides.)
Prepared cytology slides: various structures showing cancerous tissues.(Provide at least two –
one benign and one malignant)
Gloves
Laboratory coat or apron
Goggles
Biohazard containers
Surface disinfectant
Paper towels
Procedure
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Wash hands and put on gloves and goggles.
Assemble equipment and materials.
Prepare work area.
View the normal and abnormal slides.
Record data.
Clean work area with surface disinfectant. Remove goggles and gloves and wash
hands.
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.
Data
Normal
Type of Specimen:
Type of Specimen:
Type of Specimen:
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Neoplastic
Type of Specimen:
Type of Specimen:
Type of Specimen:
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Conclusion:
1. Compare and contrast the normal tissue from the non-neoplastic tissue slides.
2. Compare and contrast the normal tissue from the neoplastic tissues.
3. Explain what differentiates the neoplastic tissue from the non-neoplastic tissue. Why is the
neoplastic tissue considered cancerous?
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.
Laboratory Investigation Rubric
Student:
Course:
Date:
Scoring Criteria
4.
3.
Excellent Good
2.
Needs Some
Improvement
1.
Needs Much
Improvement
Problem is
appropriately
identified
Problem is
precise, clear,
and relevant
Association
between the
problem and the
predicted results
is direct and
relevant
All variables are
clearly
operationalized
Student
demonstrates
comprehension of
the use of
scientific
concepts and
vocabulary
All significant
data is measured.
Data is recorded
effectively and
efficiently
Data table is welldesigned to the
requirements of
the task
All graph forms
are appropriate
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.
N/A
All data is
accurately plotted
Graph is visually
compelling;
highlights
conclusions of the
study
Conclusion
relates directly to
the hypothesis
Conclusion has
relevancy in the
resolution of the
original problem
Conclusion
relates the study
to general interest
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.
The Cell Storybook Project
Objective:
Students will work in pairs or alone to neatly create a colored illustrated children’s storybook
about all the parts of a cell and their function. They will next read it aloud to an audience for an
evaluation. Project Begins on: _________________; Storybook due on: ______________
Storybook Project Rubric
Title of Story:
Author (s):
Illustrator (s):
Scoring Criteria
Creativity:
Appropriate for children and fun to read
Parts Labeled / Function Given:
Points Worth
0-15 points
0-120 points

Cell Parts
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Mitochondria
Centrioles
Golgi Apparatus
Rough
Endoplasmic Reticulum
g. Smooth
Endoplasmic Reticulum
h. Lysosomes
i. Pinocytic Vesicles
j. Chromatin
k. Cytoplasm
l. Cell Membrane
Illustrations:
Sketch and color the words and pictures
to emphasize the functions of the parts
Follows Instructions:
 project submitted on time
 story appropriate for children
 Neat
TOTAL POINTS:
Labeled

Function
Given
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
FINAL GRADE:
Points Earned
0 -100 points
0-15 points
Up to 250 points
(earned / max ) x 100
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.
0-10 points each
Trash Cell Project
STUDENT NAME:
DATE:
Objective:
Students will build a 3-D model of an animal cell using recycled or “trash” materials only. The
items in your model should look like the structure it depicts and be as anatomically correct as
possible. For example, the Golgi Apparatus has folded membranes, so it should look folded.
Each structure must be neatly labeled. Your project can be no larger than 2x2x2. NO Food
items or other material that will mold, rot, or smell may be used.
Project Begins On: ___________________ Cell Model Due On: ___________________
It must include the following structures:
Scoring Criteria
A. Cell Parts
Labeled
B. Presentation
0-10 points
0-20 points
(0-10 pts)
a. Nucleus
_____
Alphabet Label with
b. Nucleolus
_____
no Key provided,
> 3 days late
c. Mitochondria
_____
(11-15 pts)
Key handwritten,
d. Centrioles
_____
labels sloppy,
1-2 days late
e. Golgi Apparatus
_____
f. Rough
Endoplasmic Reticulum _____
g. Smooth
Endoplasmic Reticulum _____
h. Lysosomes
_____
i.
Pinocytic Vesicles
_____
j.
Chromatin
_____
k. Cytoplasm
_____
l. Cell Membrane
_____
A. Total (0-120 points)
(16-20 pts)
Typed Key, neat
print, clearly labeled,
turned in on time
C. Creativity
0-20 points
(0-10 pts)
Cluttered cell, unable
to clearly distinguish
organelles
(11-15 pts)
Creativity, slightly
cluttered / small cell,
visualize organelles
(16-20 pts)
Neat creativity, all
recycled materials,
uncluttered, neat and
clearly designed
B. Total: _______
C. Total ________
____________________________________
Comments:
_____
FINAL GRADE (earned / 160 ) x 100
Early Bird Points +10 = _____
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Total Max
(0-160)
Draw a Cell
NAME:
DATE:
Draw a cell with all of the following structures; include the function of each.
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Mitochondria
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Centrioles
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Pinocytic Vesicles
Chromatin
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
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INTRODUCTION TO CELLS QUIZ
NAME:
DATE:
Instructions: Choose the best answer choice and place answer in the space provided.
1. _____The rough endoplasmic reticulum is the primary site for:
a. chlorophyll formation
c. photosynthesis
b. protein synthesis
d. osmosis
2. _____In a cell, proteins are broken down into:
a. fatty acids
c. nucleotides
b. glucose
d. amino acids
3. _____This organelle contains a digestive enzyme that acts to clean the cell.
a. vacuoles
c. lysosomes
b. cytoplasm
d. mitochondria
4. _____At the site of cellular respiration, glucose converts to:
a. O2 + H20 + ATP
c. C6H6O6 + O2
b. CO2 + H20 + ATP
d. NaOH + H2O + ATP
5. _____These organelles become paralyzed and make it difficult to clear particles.
a. Flagella
c. cilia
b. Goblet cells
d. mucous
6. _____The movement of water due to the concentration of solutes happens
primarily in this location:
a. Cell wall
c. mitochondria
b. Cell membrane
d. none of the above
7. _____Mitosis and meiosis respectively will generate the following:
a. 46 pairs / 23 pairs of chromosomes
c. 46 pair / 23 single chromosomes
b. 23 pairs / 23 pairs of chromosomes
d. 23 pair / 23 single chromosomes
8. _____This human “blueprint” that coils during mitosis contains all your DNA material
found within the nucleus Is called:
a. Chlorophyll
c. nucleus
b. Chrome
d. chromatin
9. _____ The physical movement of particles out of the cell such as secretion of a
enzymes from salivary gland cells is:
a. Exocytosis
c. endocytosis
b. Phagocytosis
d. pinocytosis
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10. _____ Found singly in cytoplasm or on endoplasmic reticulum and is the site of cell repair
and reproduction.
a. Mitochondria
c. rough ER
b. Ribosomes
d. smooth ER
11. _____The reason for polyuria and polydipsia (chronic thirst) in diabetics is due to lack of
insulin resulting in a __________ environment that draws water from the cells.
a. Isotonic
c. hypertonic
b. Hypotonic
d. hypnotic
12. _____Place in the proper order:
a. Organelle, cell, molecule, atom
b. Cell, molecule, atom, organelle
c. atom, molecule, organelle, cell
d. molecule, atom, organelle, cell
13. _____The cell activity that is of biggest concern when creating therapeutic drugs for
cancer patients is:
a. Osmosis
c. lysosomal activity
b. Meiosis
d. mitosis
14. _____Intercostal muscles as opposed to a visceral muscle would require more ________
due to chronic use and increase activity.
a. Mitochondria
c. nuclei
b. Cytoplasm
d. lysosomes
15. _____Liver cells compared to salivary cells would require more ______________ due
to increase use and activity requirements.
a. Mitochondria
c. nuclei
b. Cytoplasm
d. lysosomes
Instructions: Place the following types of cell activities in the correct category of:
a. ACTIVE TRANSPORT
OR
b. PASSIVE TRANSPORT
16. _______________________osmosis
17. _______________________phagocytosis
18. _______________________filtration
19. _______________________diffusion
20. _______________________facilitated diffusion
21. _______________________exocytosis
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.
INTRODUCTION TO CELLS QUIZ- KEY
Instructions: Choose the best answer choice and place answer on the space provided.
1. B
2. B
3. D
4. C
5. B
6.
C
7. B
8. D
9.
D
10. A
11. B
12. C
13. D
14. A
15. C
Instructions: Place the following types of cell activities in the correct category of:
a. ACTIVE TRANSPORT
OR
b. PASSIVE TRANSPORT
16.
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
19.
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
17.
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
20.
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
18.
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
21.
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
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