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Download Ch 35 Disease Fighting mechanisms Pre test key 2
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Infectious Diseases Pre-test Prep. 1. Match each type of disease with the type of disease-causing agent that causes it. Some types of disease-causing agents may be used more than once. Disease 4. African sleeping sickness Type of Disease-Causing Agent A. virus 5. athlete’s foot B. bacterium 6. botulism C. protist 7. chicken pox D. parasitic worm 8. hookworm E. fungus 9. influenza 10. malaria 11. trichinosis 12. tuberculosis 2. What are Koch’s postulates used for? 3. Complete the flowchart by numbering the steps to show the order in which a researcher applies Koch’s postulates. Same pathogen recovered from sick mouse Pathogen injected into a healthy lab mouse Pathogen grown in a pure culture Healthy mouse becomes sick Pathogen isolated from a dead mouse Infectious Diseases Pre-test Prep. Definition 4. Term skin A. An increase in body temperature, which slows or stops pathogens lysozyme inflammatory response B. A secretion of the nose and throat that traps pathogens histamines interferons C. Antibodies, B-cells and T-cells fever D. Chemicals that increase blood flow to tissues mucus E. Combination of physical and chemical barriers that defend against pathogens nonspecific defenses ______ specific defense ______ immune response F. Redness, pain, and swelling at the site of an injury G. Proteins that fight viral growth H. The body’s most important nonspecific defense I. Distinguish between self and other and inactivate or kill foreign substances that enter the body. J. An enzyme found in tears and saliva that breaks down bacterial cell walls 5. Complete the table to compare how humoral and cell-mediated immunity work after a virus invades the body for the first and second times. Humoral Immunity vs. Cell-Mediated Immunity Action of Humoral Immunity Primary response: Action of Cell-Mediated Immunity Primary response: Macrophages consume viruses and display their antigens on the cell surface. Helper T cells are activated. Activated B cells grow and divide rapidly. Helper T cells activate B cells and cytotoxic T cells and produce memory cells. Plasma cells release antibodies that capture antigens and mark them for destruction. Secondary response: Secondary response: Infectious Diseases Pre-test Prep. 6. A runny nose is a symptom of a cold. How is this evidence that the body’s immune defenses are working? 7. Compare and contrast the roles of B and T cells. _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 8. Would a disease that destroys helper t-cells also compromise the humoral reponse? _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 9. Complete the table identifying the types of t-cells and their roles. Type of T-cell Helper T-cell Role/function Kill infected cells or initiate apoptosis(cell death) Inhibit an immune response once an infection is under control Memory helper t-cell Infectious Diseases Pre-test Prep. 10. Complete the Venn diagram comparing the two types of immunity (p 1020) and writing the correct word or words on the lines provided. Long-term ability of immune system to respond to Can result from natural or . exposure ability to fight off infections due to introduced ___________ . exposure. New and Re-Emerging Diseases For Questions 11-15, write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left. 11. Which of the following is NOT considered to be a major cause of new or re-emerging diseases? A. misuse of medications B. merging of human and animal habitats C. vaccination D. trade in exotic animals 12. Which is an example of an infectious disease that was eliminated by public health measures? A. avian influenza B. hantavirus C. smallpox D. West Nile virus 13. How are monkeypox and SARS thought to have started in humans? A. by animal trade for pets and food B. antibiotic resistance C. the clearing of new areas of land in the tropics D. by the merging of human and animal habitats Infectious Diseases Pre-test Prep. 14. Malaria and tuberculosis are two examples of diseases that have A. been totally eliminated from the human population. B. evolved resistance to many antibiotics. C. increased because of a lack of understanding of how vaccines work. D. recently been discovered in the United States. 15. Failing to follow vaccination recommendations are thought to be responsible for the comeback of A. Ebola. B. influenza. C. Lyme disease. D. measles. 16. After being vaccinated, many children are treated for fever. This is not considered a danger or problem. Why might this happen? _________________________________________________________________________ 17. What is the key difference between an immunodeficiency disease and an autoimmune disease? Provide an example of both types of disease in your response. Infectious Diseases Pre-test Prep. 18. Complete the flowchart that summarizes the HIV infection process. 15. What is the key difference between an immunodeficiency disease and an autoimmune disease? Provide an example of both types of disease in your response. HIV attaches to host cell membranes with specific surface molecules. Viral DNA enters nucleus, attaches to host DNA, and makes viral RNA. New viruses bud off of host cell membrane and infect more cells. Infectious Diseases Pre-test Prep.