Download Unit 10: Ecology

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NEET 2017 TEST SERIES
BIOLOGY
TEST 9 - Unit 10: Ecology
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A biologist studied the population of rats in a barn. He found that the average natality was 250 , average
mortality 240 , immigration 20 and emigration 30.The net increase in population is
(a) 15
(b) 05
(c) zero
(d) 10
A secondary sea – anemone gets attached to the shell lining of hermit crab.The association is
(a) Symbiosis
(b) commensalism
(c) amensalism
(d) ectoparasitism
A population growing in a habitat with limited resources shows four phases of growth in the following
sequence.
(a) Acceleration – Deceleration– Lag phase – Asymptote
(b) Asymptote – Acceleration – Deceleration –Lag phase
(c) Lagphase – Acceleration – Deceleration – Asymptote
(d) Acceleration – Lagphase – Deceleration – Asymptote
Some organisms are tolerant to a narrow range of salinity and are termed as
(a) euryhaline
(b) stenohaline
(c) Neither (a) nor (b)
(d) saline
The carrying capacity of environment for a given population can be represented by the following equation
(a) dN=Rn (c)
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N
K
dN
1
 rN 
dt
K
dN
N
 rN 
dt
K
dN
 N
(d)
 rN 1  
dt
 K
(b)
The coralloid root of Cycas has Anabaena (BGA), this type of association is called
(a) Commensalism
(b) parasitic
(c) symbiotic
(d) antibiosis
The niche of a population is defined as
(a) Set of condition that interacts
(b) Place where it lives
(c) Set of conditions and resources
(d) Geographical area that it covers
Which one of the following is one of the characteristics of a biological community?
(a) Stratification
(b) Natality
(c) Mortality
(d) Sex- ratio
About 70 % of total global carbon is found in
(a) Grasslands
(b) agro ecosystems
(c) oceans
(d) forests
A country with a high rate of population growth took measures to reduce it. The figure below shows age
sex pyramids of populations. ‘A’ and ‘B’ are twenty years apart. Select the correct interpretation about
them.
Interpretations
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(a) ‘A’ is more recent and shows slight reduction in the growth rate.
(b) ‘B’ is earlier pyramid and shows stabilized growth rate
(c) ‘B’ is more recent showing that populations is very young
(d) ‘A’ is the earlier pyramid and no change has occurred in the growth rate.
The table below gives the populations ( in thousands) of ten species ( A – J ) in four areas ( a-d )
consisting of the number of habitats given within brackets against each study the table and answer the
question , which follows.
Which area out of I to IV shows maximum species diversity?
(a) b
(b) c
(c) d
(d) a
A high density of elephant population in an area can result in
(a) Mutualism
(b) interspecific competition
(c) Intraspecific competition
(d) predation on one another
There exists a close association between the alga and the fungus within lichen.The fungus
(a) Fixes the atmospheric nitrogen for the alga
(b) Providesprotection, anchorage and absorption for the alga
(c) Provides food for the alga
(d) Releases oxygen for the alga
Prolonged liberal irrigation of agricultural fields is likely to create the problem of
(a) Acidity
(b) aridity
(c) metal toxicity
(d) salinity
More than 70 % of world’s freshwater is contained in
(a) Antarctica
(b) mountains
(c) Greenland
(d) polar ice
Which is not correctly matched?
(a) Laterite – Containsaluminium
(b) Terra rossa – Most suitable for roses
(c) Chernozen – Richest soil
(d) Black cotton soil – Rich is calcium carbonate
In which habitat does the diurnal soil temperature varymost?
(a) Forest
(b) Grassland
(c) Shrub land
(d) Desert
Which of the following utilizes inorganic materials?
(a) Autotrophs
(b) Decomposers
(c) Saprophytes
(d) Heterotrophs
The interdependent evolution of flowering plants and pollinating insects together is known as
(a) Mutualism
(b) coevolution
(c) commensalism
(d) cooperation
Which one of the following process during decomposition is correctly described?
(a) Fragmentation – carried out by organisms such as earthworm
(b) Humification – Leads to the accumulation of a dark coloured substance humus, which resistant to
microbial action at a very fast rate
(c) Catabolism – Last step in the decomposition under fully anaerobic condition
(d) Leaching – Water soluble inorganic nutrients rise to the top layers of soil
Which one of the following organism forms the decomposers?
(a) pteris
(b) bacteria
(c) Saprophytic fungi
(d) Both (b) and (c)
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In a stable ecosystem, which of the following limits the number of trophic levels?
(a) Biomass
(b) The number of nutrients
(c) Availability of nutrients
(d) Presence of contaminants that increase in concentration along the food chain
Energy and nutrients enter a community by
(a) Sun
(b) producers
(c) Microbes
(d) biogeochemical cycle
Natural reservoir of phosphorus is
(a) Animal banes
(b) rock
(c) fossils
(d) sea water
Secondary productivity is rate of formation of new organic matter by
(a) Parasite
(b) consumer
(c) decomposer
(d) producer
Trophic level of food chain having greatest amount of energy , is
(a) Carnivores
(b) herbivores
(c) autotroph
(d) omnivores
The upright pyramid of number is absent in
(a) Pond
(b) forest
(c) lake
(d) grassland
Given below is an imaginary pyramid of numbers.What could be one of the possibilities about certain
organisms at some of the different levels?
(a) Level PC is insects and level SC is small insectivorous birds
(b) Level PP is phytoplanktons in sea and whale on top level TC
(c) Level one PP is papal trees and the level SC is sheep
(d) Level PC is rats and level SC is cats
Which one of the following is not a functional unit of ecosystem?
(a) Energy flow
(b) Decomposition
(c) Productivity
(d) Stratification
Polluted water does not contain
(a) Stone fly larva
(b) sewage fungus
(c) water hyacinth
(d) cyanobacteria
The important steps in the process of decomposition are
(a) Fragmentation and mineralization
(b) leaching and catabolism
(c) humification and mineralization
(d) All of the above
Tropic levels in ecosystem is formed by
(a) Only bacteria
(b) only plants
(c) Only herbivores
(d) organisms linked in food chain
Which one of the following statements is correct for secondary succession?
(a) It occurs on a deforested site
(b) It follows primary succession
(c) It is similar to primary succession except that it has a relatively fast
(d) It begins on a bare rock
Which one of the following statements for pyramid of energy is incorrect, whereas the remaining three are
correct?
(a) It show energy content of different trophic level of organisms
(b) It is inverted in shape
(c) It is upright in shape
(d) Its base is broad
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Select the matched ones.
I.
Sedimentary nutrient
-Nitrogen cycle
II.
Pioneer species
-Lichens
III.
Secondary succession
-Burned forest
IV.
Pyaramid of biomass in sea
-Upright
(a) I,II and IV
(b) I and III
(c) II and III
(d) II and IV
Which of the following statements regarding food chain is false?
(a) In an aquatic ecosystem, grazing food chain is the major conduit for energy flow
(b) In terrestrial ecosystems, a large fraction of energy flows through detritus food chain
(c) The detritus food chain begins with dead organic matter
(d) Primary consumers belong to the first trophic level
Study the four statements (I-IV) given below and select the two correct ones out of them.
I.
A lion eating deer and a sparrow feeding on grain are ecologically similar in being consumers.
II.
Predator star fish Pisaster helps in maintaining species diversity of some invertebrates.
III. Predators ultimately lead to the extinction of prey species.
IV. Production of chemicals such as nicotine, strychnine by the plants are metabolic disorders.
The two correct statements are
(a) II and IV
(b) III and IV
(c) I and II
(d) I and II
The biomass available for consumption by the herbivores and the decomposers is called
(a) Net primary productivity
(b) secondary productivity
(c) Standing crop
(d) gross primary productivity
Which one of the following types of organismsoccupy more than one trophic level in a pond ecosystem?
(a) Phytoplankton
(b) fish
(c) zooplankton
(d) frog
The correct sequence of plants in a hydrosol is
(a) Oak → Lantana → Scripus → Pistia → Hydrilla → Volvox
(b) Volvox → Hydrilla → Pistis → Scripus → Lantana → Oak
(c) Pistia → Volvox → Scripus → Hydrilla → Oak → Lantana
(d) Oak → Lantana → Volvox → Hydrilla → Pistia → Scirpus
The slow rate of decomposition of fallen logs in nature is due to their
(a) Low moisture content
(b) poor nitrogen content
(c) anaerobic environment around them
(d) low cellulose content
Consider the following statements concerning food chains.
I. Removal of 80% tigers from an area resulted in greatly increased growth of vegetation
II. Removal of most of the carnivores resulted in an increased population of deers.
III. The length of food chains is generally limited to 3-4 trophic levels due to energy loss.
IV. The length of food chains may vary from 2 to 8 trophic levels.
Which two of the given statements are correct?
(a) II and III
(b) III and IV
(c) I and IV
(d) I and II
Which one of the following is not used for the construction of ecological pyramids?
(a) Dry weight
(b) number of individuals
(c) Rate of energy flow
(d) fresh weight
2
Highest value in g/m /yr of a grassland ecosystem would be
(a) Gross primary production
(b) net primary production
(c) Secondary production
(d) tertiary production
Which one of the following is not a correct statement?
(a) Botanical gardens have collection of living plants for reference
(b) A museum has collection of photographs of plants and animals
(c) Key is taxonomic aid for identification of specimens
(d) Herbarium houses dried, pressed and preserved plant specimens.
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Which of the following rain forest is home to more than 40000 species of plants, 3000 of fishes, 1300 of
birds, 427ofmammals, 427 of amphibians, 378 of reptiles and more than 125000 invertebrates?
(a) Amazonian
(b) tropical
(c) Arctic tundra
(d) temperate
The government of India in 1980s has introduced a concept to work closely with the local communities
for protecting and managing forests. The concept is
(a) Forest Research Institutes
(b) Panel of Local Communities for forest management
(c) Joint Forest Management
(d) Jhum Cultivation
5th June is celebrated as
(a) Water Day
(b) World Environment day
(c) Conservation Day
(d) World Earth Day
Chipko movement is related to
(a) swaminathan
(b) bahuguna
(c) odum
(d) mishra
Which one of the following is not used for ex situ plant conservation?
(a) Seed banks
(b) shifting cultivation
(c) botanical gardens
(d) field gene banks
The term ‘alpha diversity ‘ refers to
(a) Genetic diversity
(b) community and ecosystem diversity
(c) Species diversity
(d) diversity among the palnts
Select the correct statement about biodiversity.
(a) The desert areas of Rajasthan and Gujarat have a very high level of desert animal species as well as
numerous rare animals
(b) Large scale planting of Bt cotton has no adverse effect on biodiversity
(c) Western Ghats have a very high degree of species richness and endemism
(d) Conservation of biodiversity is just a fad pursued by the developed countries
Sacred groves are specially useful in
(a) year round flow of water in rivers
(b) conserving rare and threatened species
(c) Generating environmental awareness
(d) preventing soil erosion
Arrange the following in ascending order based on their numbers in India.
I.
Biosphere reserves
II.
Hot spots
III.
National parks
IV.
Wildlife sanctuaries
(a) II→I→III→IV
(b) II→III→IV→I
(c) I→II→III→IV
(d) IV→III→II→I
Which one of the following expanded forms of the following acronyms is correct?
(a) UNEP
United Nations Environmental Policy
(b) EPA
Environmental Pollution Agency
(c) IUCN
International Union for Conservation of nature and Natural Resources
(d) IPCC
International Panel for Climate Change
Which one of the following is an example of ex situ conservation?
(a) wildlife sanctuary
(b) seed bank
(c) sacred groves
(d) national park
Which one of the following is not observed in biodiversity hot spots?
(a) Endemism
(b) Accelerated species loss
(c) Lesser interspecific competition
(d) species richness
Identity the odd combination of the habitat and the particular animal concerned.
(a) Dachigam National park
- snow Leopard
(b) Sundarbans
-Bengal Tiger
(c) Periyar
-Elephant
(d) Rann of kutch
-wild Ass
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One of endangered species of Indian medicinal plant is that of
(a) Podophyllum
(b) ocimum
(c) garlic
(d) nepenthes
Which one of the following pairs of organisms are exotic species introduced in India?
(a) Ficus religiosa, Lantana camara
(b) Lantana camara, water hyacinth
(c) water hyacinth, Prosopis cinereria
(d) nile perch, Ficus religiosa
Which of the following pairs of an animal and a plant represents endangered organisms in India?
(a) bentinckia nicobarica and red panda
(b) tamarind and rhesus monkey
(c) cinchona and leopard
(d) banyan and black buck
Which of the following is considered as a hot spot of biodiversity in India?
(a) western Ghats
(b) Indo-Gangetic plain (c) eastern Ghats
(d) Aravali hills
Which one of the following is the correctly matched pair of an endangered animal and a National Park?
(a) Lion
- Corbett National Park (b) Rhinoceros
- Kaziranga National Park
(c) Wild Ass
- Dudhwa National Park (d) Great Indian Bustard - Keoladeo national park
One of the most important functions of botanical gardens is that
(a) They provide a beautiful area for recreation
(b) One can observe tropical plants there
(c) They allow ex situ conservation of germplasm (d) They provides the natural habitat for wildlife
What is the most effective way to conserve plant diversity of an area?
(a) Tissue culture
(b) botanical garden
(c) Biosphere reserve
(d) seed bank
Which group of vertebrates comprises highest number of endangered species?
(a) Mammals
(b) Fishes
(c) Reptiles
(d) Birds
Which one of the following pairs of geographical areas shows maximum biodiversity in our country?
(a) Sundarbans and Rann of Kutch
(b) Eastern Ghats and Paschim Banga
(c) Eastern Himalaya and Western Ghats
(d) Kerala and Punjab
In India,we find mangoes with different flavors, colours, fiber content, sugar content and even shelf life.
(a) Species diversity
(b) induced mutations
(c) genetic diversity
(d) hybridizations
Which one of the following is a pair of endangered species?
(a) Hornbill and Indian aconite
(b) Indian peacock and carrot grass
(c) Garden lizard and Mexican poppy
(d) Rhesus monkey and sal tree
The Perriyar sanctuary is located in
(a) Kerala
(b) Tamilnadu
(c) Karnataka
(d) Andhra Pradesh
The air Prevention and control of Pollution Act came into force in
(a) 1981
(b) 1985
(c) 1990
(d) 1975
Global warming can be controlled by
(a) Reducing reforestation, increasing the use of fossil fuels
(b) Increasing deforestation, slowing down the growth of human population
(c) Increasing deforestation, reducing efficiency of energy usage
(d) Reducingdeforestation, cutting down use of fossil fuel
Kyoto Protocol was endorsed at
(a) CoP -5
(b) CoP-6
(c) CoP-4
(d) CoP-3
Measuring Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a method used for
(a) Working out the efficiency of oil driven automobile engine
(b) Measuring the activity of Saccharomyces cerevisae in producing curd on a commercial scale
(c) Working out the efficiency of RBCs about their capacity to carry oxygen
(d) Estimating the amount of organic matter in sewage water
Which one of the following is a wrong statement?
(a) Ozone in upper part of atmosphere is harmful to animal
(b) Greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon
(c) Eutrophication is a natural phenomenon in freshwater bodies
(d) Most of the forests have been lost in tropical areas
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High amount of Escherichia coli in water indicates
(a) Hardness of water
(b) industrial pollution
(c) Sewage pollution
(d) pollution due to electromagnetic radiations
Which one of the following pairs of gases are the major causes of ‘Greenhouse effect”?
(a) CO2 and CO
(b) CFCs and SO2
(c) CO2 and N2O
(d) CO2 and O3
Which one of the following statements is wrong in case Bhopal gas tragedy?
(a) Thousands of human being died
(b) Radioactive fallout engulfed Bhopal
(c) It took place in the night of December 2/3 1984 (d) Methyl isocynide gas leakage took place
Eutrophication is often seen in
(a) Fresh water lakes
(b) ocean
(c) mountains
(d) deserts
Ultraviolet radiations from sunlight causes a reaction that produces
(a) Fluorides
(b) carbon monoxide
(c) sulphur dioxide
(d) Ozone
Montreal protocol is related to
(a) Substances that deplete ozone layer
(b) persistent organic pollutants
(c) Global warming and climate change
(d) biosafety of genetically modified organisms
According to Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), which particulate size in diameter (in micrometer)
of the air pollutants is responsible for greatest harm to human health?
(a) 2.5 or less
(b) 1.5 of less
(c) 1.0 or less
(d) 5.2 or 2.5
Which one of the following is the correct percentage of the two (out of the total of four) greenhouse gases
that contribute to the global warming?
(a) CFCs 14%, CH4 20%
(b) CO2 40%, CFCs 30%
(c) N2O 6%, CO2 86%
(d) CH4 20%, N2O 18%
A lake near a village suffered heavy mortality of fishes within a few days. Consider the following reasons
for this
I. Lots of urea and phosphate fertilizer were used in the crops in the vicinity
II. The area was sprayed with DDT by an aircraft
III. The lake water turned green and stinky.
IV. Phytoplankton populations in the lake declined initially thereby greatly populations in the lake
declined initially thereby greatly reducing photosynthesis.
Which of the above were the main causes of fish mortality in the lake?
(a) II and III
(b) III and IV
(c) I and III
(d) I and II
Which of the following is not a bio indicator of eater pollution?
(a) Sludge worms
(b) Blood worms
(c) stone flies
(d) sewage fungus
In a coal fired power plant, electrostatic precipitators are installed to control emission
(a) SO2
(b) NOx
(c) SPM
(d) CO
In which one of the following options, the BOD (biological oxygen demand) of Sewage (S), Distillery
Effluent (DE), paper mill effluent (PE) and sugar mill effluent (SE) have been arranged in ascending
order?
(a) SE<S<PE<DE
(b) SE<PE<S<DE
(c) PE<S<SE<DE
(d) S<DE<PE<SE
Montreal protocol which calls for appropriate action to protect the ozone layer form human activities was
passed in the year.
(a) 1986
(b) 1987
(c) 1988
(d) 1985
Which of the following is not used for the disinfection of drinking water?
(a) phenyl
(b) Chloramine
(c) Chlorine
(d) Ozone
Fluoride pollution mainly affects
(a) Brain
(b) Heart
(c) teeth
(d) kidney
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