Download What happens to P-waves and S-waves from a crustal earthquake

What happens to P-waves and S-waves from a crustal earthquake when the waves reach Earth's outer
core?
A.
S-waves are transmitted through the outer core, but P-waves are not transmitted.
B.
P-waves are transmitted through the outer core, but S-waves are not transmitted.
C.
Both P-waves and S-waves are transmitted through the outer core.
D. Neither P-waves nor S-waves are transmitted through the outer core.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the Earth Science Reference Tables, the map below, and your
knowledge of Earth science. The map shows seismograph recording stations at locations A, B, and C. Location D is an
earthquake epicenter. The distances from locations A and B to this epicenter are given in kilometers.
At which location is the arrival-time di erence between the P-wave and the S-wave greatest?
A.
A
B.
B
C.
C
D. D
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the earthquake seismogram below.
When did the rst P-waves arrive at this seismic station?
A.
3 minutes after an earthquake occurred 2,600 km away
B.
5 minutes after an earthquake occurred 2,600 km away
C.
9 minutes after an earthquake occurred 3,500 km away
D. 11 minutes after an earthquake occurred 3,500 km away
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below, which shows models of two
types of earthquake waves.
Model A best represents the motion of earthquake waves called
A.
P-waves (compressional waves) that travel faster than S-waves (shear waves) shown in model B
B.
P-waves (compressional waves) that travel slower than S-waves (shear waves) shown in model B
C.
S-waves (shear waves) that travel faster than P-waves (compressional waves) shown in model B
D. S-waves (shear waves) that travel slower than P-waves (compressional waves) shown in model B
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below, which shows models of two
types of earthquake waves.
The di erence in seismic station arrival times of the two waves represented by the models helps
scientists determine the
A.
amount of damage caused by an earthquake
B.
intensity of an earthquake
C.
distance to the epicenter of an earthquake
D. time of occurrence of the next earthquake
The diagram below represents three seismograms showing the same earthquake as it was recorded at three di erent
seismic stations, A, B, and C.
Which statement correctly describes the distance between the earthquake epicenter and these seismic stations?
A.
A is closest to the epicenter, and C is farthest from the epicenter.
B.
B is closest to the epicenter, and C is farthest from the epicenter.
C.
C is closest to the epicenter, and A is farthest from the epicenter.
D. A is closest to the epicenter, and B is farthest from the epicenter.
Base your answer to the following question on the seismogram below. The seismogram was recorded at
a seismic station and shows the arrival times of the rst P-wave and S-wave from an earthquake.
Which part of this seismogram is used to nd the distance to the epicenter of the earthquake?
A.
P-wave arrival time, only
B.
S-wave arrival time, only
C.
di erence in the arrival time of the P-wave and S-wave
D. di erence in the height of the P-wave and S-wave
The diagrams below represent the rock layers and fossils found at four widely separated rock outcrops.
Which fossil appears to be the best index fossil?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the Earth Science Reference Tables, the cross
section below, and your knowledge of Earth science. Letters A through J represent rock units. An
uncomformity is shown at letter X. A fault is shown at letter Y.
Which process occurred most recently?
A.
formation of fault Y
B.
development of unconformity X
C.
formation of intrusion H
D. deposition of rock layers D, E, and F
Layers of volcanic ash often serve as useful geologic time markers because ash layers usually
A.
deposit quickly over a wide area
B.
are older than the surrounding rock
C.
can be sampled easily
D. darken with age
Evidence found in igneous rocks suggests that, through geologic time, Earth's magnetic poles have
A.
maintained their present positions
B.
corresponded exactly with Earth's geographic poles
C.
maintained constant strength
D. reversed their magnetic poles
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the geologic cross section below. Overturning has
not occurred. The dike and sills shown in the cross section are igneous intrusions.
Which rock type is the oldest?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following is the best evidence that Earth's continents were once in vastly di erent positions
than they are today?
A.
Penguins are found only in the Southern Hemisphere.
B.
Fossils of tropical plants are found in Antarctica.
C.
Volcanoes encircle the Paci c Ocean.
D. Major rivers form deltas from continental erosion.
Which of the following is most responsible for the formation of new crust at the edge of a tectonic plate?
A.
mountain building at a continent-continent convergent boundary
B.
magma rising up from the mantle at a divergent boundary
C.
two tectonic plates sliding past one another at a transform boundary
D. subduction of one oceanic plate under another at a convergent boundary
Of the following statements, which best supports the continental drift theory?
A.
All oceans are salty.
B.
Igneous rocks are found on all continents.
C.
Fossils of the same species of extinct land plants have been found in both South America and
Africa.
D. Early humans migrated to North America over a land bridge from eastern Asia.
Which of the following best describes Earth's tectonic plates?
A.
They move away from each other at the equator.
B.
They move because of convection currents in the mantle.
C.
They collide at midocean ridges.
D. They form at subduction zones.
The best evidence that the continents were once connected is that they have matching
A.
weather, fossils, and rock types.
B.
rock types, fossils, and coastlines.
C.
coastlines, weather, and rock types.
D. coastlines, weather, and fossils.
Which technique has helped scientists more accurately determine the age of fossils and draw conclusions
about changes in organisms over time?
A.
time-lapse photography
B.
radioactive dating
C.
electron microscopy
D. color staining
The surface of Earth is constantly changing.
Which of these ndings provides the best evidence that the crustal surface of Earth has changed over
time?
A.
Some rock layers are very thick.
B.
Some species have become extinct.
C.
Marine fossils are found in mountain areas.
D. Igneous rock is found on all tectonic plates.
Use this diagram to answer the question.
Which statement best describes the diagram?
A.
Earth is rotating around the Sun.
B.
The Sun is rotating around Earth.
C.
Earth is revolving around the Sun.
D. The Sun is revolving around Earth.