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Transcript
Introduction to Activity 3 Biotechnology and Human Health Biotechnology and You Background • Biotechnology is used to: – Diagnose disease – Prevent disease – Treat disease How can biotechnology diagnose disease? • Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay ELISA File Number: 2215359 How is biotechnology used prevent disease? • Vaccines – Whole organism – Partial organism – Recombinant How can biotechnology be used to treat disease? • Gene therapy • Stem cells • Cloning Part A. Spread and Detection of Infectious Disease • Model the spread of a disease • Use biotechnology to detect disease How do diseases spread? • Viral versus Bacterial • Exposure levels • Infectious versus genetic Activity • In this activity you will model how an infectious disease is spread. You will then apply a test developed through the use of biotechnology to determine levels of infection. • Each student will receive a container of fluid. One of these containers has been contaminated. • Each student will exchange fluid with three other classmates. Activity • After the exchanges are complete, you will use an assay to determine if your sample is contaminated. • Assays are a type of biotechnology. They are tests that indicate the presence of a particular substance. • Examples of medical assays include glucose meters (used by diabetics), drug tests, pregnancy tests and disease tests (such as for HIV). File Number: 4641088 File Number: 5480149 Activity • In this case, samples will change color if they have been infected. • A positive result (color change) indicates an infected sample • A negative result (no color change) indicates the sample has not been infected. Spread of diseases Carrying capacity # infections Exponential growth phase Lag phase Number of interactions Reflection Questions • What factors might affect the way a disease spreads in real life? • How was biotechnology used in this activity? • What types of assays are available ‘over the counter’ in local stores? Part B: Vaccinations • Explore different types of vaccines • Research and investigate required vaccines Vaccinations • What vaccines have you been given? • What are these vaccines designed to prevent? • How do vaccines work? Types of Vaccines • Whole Organism • Partial Organism • Recombinant Whole Organism Vaccine • Live, attenuated vaccine http://www.vaccineplace.com/?fa=explore/general/14 • Dead vaccine http://www.vaccineplace.com/?fa=explore/general/14 Partial Organism Vaccine • Protein coat only http://www.vaccineplace.com/?fa=explore/general/14 Recombinant Vaccine • Produced by genetic engineering http://www.vaccineplace.com/?fa=explore/general/14 Activity Make an informational poster on one of the vaccines you are required to have. Be sure to address the following questions: • What is the vaccine designed to prevent? • How is the vaccine made? • How does the vaccine work? • Is the vaccine live, attenuated or recombinant? • Is the vaccine required for all people? If not, explain. • At what age is the vaccine given? Are boosters required? • What are the benefits of the vaccine? • What are the risks associated with the vaccine? • List two debate topics associated with your vaccine. Part C: Edible Vaccines • Explore the science behind edible vaccines • Create your own edible vaccine Vaccines • How are vaccines most commonly given? • What does ‘edible vaccine’ mean? • How would an edible vaccine be created? Benefits of Edible Vaccines • Edible • Safer because there is no needle • Economical to mass produce and transport • Heat stable • Subunit vaccine so won’t cause disease Risks of Edible Vaccines • Oral Tolerance • Accumulation of enough antigen • Public perception of Genetically Modified Organisms • Transfers of genes to non-target organisms • Dosage Activity Design an Edible Vaccine! • What is the name of your transgenic plant? • Describe the transgenic organism and describe where the vaccine proteins are produced (stem, flowers, fruit, etc). Why did you chose this particular type of plant? • What is the purpose of your edible plant vaccine (or transgenic plant)? What type of disease does it protect against? • What are the benefits of this transgenic organism? • What are the risks of this transgenic organism? • What country do you plan to market this plantbased vaccine? Why? Part D: Transgenic Plants: Risks and Benefits Assessment • Define the different categories of transgenic plants File Number: 355519 • Investigate the risks and benefits associated with the different categories of transgenic plants Risks and Benefits of Transgenic Plants • How do humans use plants? • What are the different categories of use? File Number: 4161005 Categories of Transgenic Plants • Agronomic • Pharmaceutical • Food Crop • Non-Food Crop Risks and Benefits • Agronomic transgenic plants • Pharmaceutical Transgenic plants • Food-crop versus non-food crop transgenic plants Activity • Design a PowerPoint presentation of your assigned topic • Use the rubric provided to make sure you include all the required information Questions • How should regulatory organizations (such as the Food and Drug Administration) deal with the different categories of transgenic organisms? • How does human error figure into risk assessment? • How should the possibility that the risks and benefits for different groups of people be addressed?