Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Rhineland massacres wikipedia , lookup
Fourth Crusade wikipedia , lookup
Second Crusade wikipedia , lookup
Third Crusade wikipedia , lookup
Church of the Holy Sepulchre wikipedia , lookup
First Crusade wikipedia , lookup
History of Jerusalem during the Kingdom of Jerusalem wikipedia , lookup
Barons' Crusade wikipedia , lookup
Church Reforms and the Crusades Main Ideas • What were the three main causes of the need to reform the Church? • What were two goals of the Crusades? • What were three effects of the Crusades? The Age of Faith • 910 Spiritual revival under led by monasteries. – Wanted to return to basic ChrisDan principles • Need for Reforms 1. Members of the clergy were married 2. Simony: bishops sell Church posiDons 3. Use lay invesDture New Religious Orders • 1200s the development of several orders of friars – preachers who took vows of poverty, chas6ty, and obedience. Worked along the people in ciDes and villages. – Dominicans, Franciscans, and BenedicDnes • Women worked with the friars – cared for the poor and sick. – Not allowed to travel like the friars. Cathedrals • During the early Middle Ages most people worshipped in small churches. • 1100 the development of large, Gothic Cathedrals – Created to represent the glory of God. – Used stained glass windows and sculptures to inspire worshippers. Notre Dame Notre Dame The Crusades • The Crusades were a series of holy wars launched by ChrisDans to regain control over the Holy Land (Jerusalem). – Lasted 300 years Map of the Crusades Goals of the Crusades • Religious Goals – Reunite Christendom – Prevent the Muslim Turks from taking over ConstanDnople • PoliDcal Goals – Provided opportunity for kings to get rid of knights who threatened peace of the kingdoms. • Economic Goals – Possibility of gaining land and wealth – Merchants provide loans for the Crusades and gain control over trade routs. ByzanDne Empire The First and Second Crusades • Pope Urban’s call for the Crusades was met by the public. • Three armies of knights – ill prepared without a strategy or understanding of the Holy Land. – 12,000 troops take Jerusalem in 1099. • Lose all conquered land by 1187 The Third Crusade • Organized to regain land from the Muslims. • Led by Phillip II of France, Fredrick I of Germany, and Richard the Lion-‐Hearted of England. – Broke apart due to disputes amongst them. • Saladin, Muslim leader, defended Jerusalem forcing Richard the Lion-‐Hearted to retreat. – Formed truce in 1192. End of the Crusades • Fourth Crusade: Crusaders go and loot ConstanDnople loot – never go and recapture Jerusalem • Children’s Crusades: two crusades made up of children and teenagers – belief that God would protect them. – Complete failure. Most die from starvaDon and exposure. Effects of the Crusades • Demonstrated the power of the Church. • Expansion of trade with Asia – bring back spices, fruits, and cloth. • Weakened the power of the pope and nobles. • Strengthened the rule of kings. • Muslim distrust of ChrisDans – slaughter of Muslims creates hatred. Reconquista and InquisiDon • Reconquista – campaigned led by the Spanish to drive Muslims out of Spain. – 1492 Spain conquers remaining Muslim territory • InquisiDon – court used to try here6cs – people who had different religious beliefs – Offenders put to death – 1492 Spain expels all Muslims and Jews from Spain. Reconquista Main Ideas • What were the three main causes of the need to reform the Church? • What were two goals of the Crusades? • What were three effects of the Crusades?