Download Church Reforms and the Crusades

Church Reforms and the Crusades Main Ideas •  What were the three main causes of the need to reform the Church? •  What were two goals of the Crusades? •  What were three effects of the Crusades? The Age of Faith •  910 Spiritual revival under led by monasteries. – Wanted to return to basic ChrisDan principles •  Need for Reforms 1.  Members of the clergy were married 2.  Simony: bishops sell Church posiDons 3.  Use lay invesDture New Religious Orders •  1200s the development of several orders of friars – preachers who took vows of poverty, chas6ty, and obedience. Worked along the people in ciDes and villages. –  Dominicans, Franciscans, and BenedicDnes •  Women worked with the friars – cared for the poor and sick. –  Not allowed to travel like the friars. Cathedrals •  During the early Middle Ages most people worshipped in small churches. •  1100 the development of large, Gothic Cathedrals – Created to represent the glory of God. – Used stained glass windows and sculptures to inspire worshippers. Notre Dame Notre Dame The Crusades •  The Crusades were a series of holy wars launched by ChrisDans to regain control over the Holy Land (Jerusalem). – Lasted 300 years Map of the Crusades Goals of the Crusades •  Religious Goals –  Reunite Christendom –  Prevent the Muslim Turks from taking over ConstanDnople •  PoliDcal Goals –  Provided opportunity for kings to get rid of knights who threatened peace of the kingdoms. •  Economic Goals –  Possibility of gaining land and wealth –  Merchants provide loans for the Crusades and gain control over trade routs. ByzanDne Empire The First and Second Crusades •  Pope Urban’s call for the Crusades was met by the public. •  Three armies of knights – ill prepared without a strategy or understanding of the Holy Land. – 12,000 troops take Jerusalem in 1099. •  Lose all conquered land by 1187 The Third Crusade •  Organized to regain land from the Muslims. •  Led by Phillip II of France, Fredrick I of Germany, and Richard the Lion-­‐Hearted of England. –  Broke apart due to disputes amongst them. •  Saladin, Muslim leader, defended Jerusalem forcing Richard the Lion-­‐Hearted to retreat. –  Formed truce in 1192. End of the Crusades •  Fourth Crusade: Crusaders go and loot ConstanDnople loot – never go and recapture Jerusalem •  Children’s Crusades: two crusades made up of children and teenagers – belief that God would protect them. –  Complete failure. Most die from starvaDon and exposure. Effects of the Crusades •  Demonstrated the power of the Church. •  Expansion of trade with Asia – bring back spices, fruits, and cloth. •  Weakened the power of the pope and nobles. •  Strengthened the rule of kings. •  Muslim distrust of ChrisDans – slaughter of Muslims creates hatred. Reconquista and InquisiDon •  Reconquista – campaigned led by the Spanish to drive Muslims out of Spain. –  1492 Spain conquers remaining Muslim territory •  InquisiDon – court used to try here6cs – people who had different religious beliefs –  Offenders put to death –  1492 Spain expels all Muslims and Jews from Spain. Reconquista Main Ideas •  What were the three main causes of the need to reform the Church? •  What were two goals of the Crusades? •  What were three effects of the Crusades?