Download Biology: DNA (Ch.8) Review

Name_________________________________________________________Date_____________________Period_________ Biology: DNA (Ch.8) Review DNA Basic Information 1. How many nucleotides are shown in the DNA segment pictured? 6 2. Circle an entire nucleotide on the DNA segment. 3. Name the three parts of a DNA nucleotide. a. Phosphate group b. sugar c. Nitrogen base 4.
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Use the letters P (phosphate) and S (sugar) to label the sugar and phosphate of the DNA molecule to the right. Which part does the phosphate molecule connect with? sugar What is the special shape of DNA called? Double Helix a)Which type of chemical bond joins the DNA nitrogen bases? b)Which type of chemical bond joins the backbone of the DNA molecule? a._hydrogen___ b.___covalent____ DNA Replication 8. The diagram below shows DNA replication. a. In area A, fill in the missing DNA bases from the given nucleotides. b. Name the enzyme that will separate the DNA strands in area A. DNA helicase c. In area B, perform DNA replication and fill in the two new strands of DNA. d. Name the enzyme that will reconnect the DNA bases in area B. DNA polymerase e. After filling in the correct DNA bases in area B, are the two strands of DNA identical? YES NO T
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9. Put the pictures of DNA replication in order by placing a 1, 2, or 3 on the line above the picture. 10. Describe what is happening on the lines below the picture. ____3____ ______1_______ DNA polymerase reconnects 2 DNA strands DNA Helicase splits the DNA molecule Free floating DNA nucleotides match to the open DNA chain ______2______ DNA and RNA Comparison 11. Complete the following chart by comparing DNA, mRNA, and tRNA. Sample answers have been provided. DNA mRNA tRNA Molecule full name Name of Sugar Nitrogen bases present Deoxyribonucleic acid deoxyribose
Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine Function Stores genetic information. 12. For each statement write DNA, mRNA, or tRNA DNA Holds the original coded information for making proteins DNA Can replicate itself (with the help of enzymes) mRNA Copies DNA’s coded message tRNA Carries amino acids to the ribosome for assembly Messenger ribonucleic acid Transfer ribonucleic acid Ribose
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Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine Copies the DNA and carries the code to a ribosome Transfers an amino acid to a ribosome DNA Found in the nucleus only tRNA Found mostly in the cytoplasm mRNA Found equally in both the cytoplasm and nucleus mRNA Carries coded message to the ribosome Transcription 13. Pretend RNA polymerase has already separated the DNA strand below. Perform transcription and fill in the mRNA bases from the given DNA bases. Remember to replace T with U for RNA. U U A G G C G A U C 14. Following the rules of transcription, predict which DNA bases would have created the given mRNA bases. Remember that DNA has different bases than RNA. A G C A T G G T A A 15. Following the rules of transcription, fill in the missing bases from the strands of DNA and RNA. C A A T A
U A G C A 16. Examine #15. Is the top strand a segment of DNA or RNA? Explain your answer. DNA because Thymine (T) is present, not uracil (U) Transcription and Translation: Use the picture to answer questions 17‐19. 17. Describe what is forming and happening in area A of the diagram (use best writing skills). Transcription is taking place inside area A. mRNA is combining with the strand of DNA. 18. Describe what is forming and happening in area B of the diagram (use best writing skills). tRNA are gathering the correct amino acids. Soon they will be delivered to the ribosome in area C. 19. Describe what is being assembled and happening in area C of the diagram (use best writing skills). In area C, the ribosome is performing the process called translation. One by one, an amino acid is being delivered to the ribosome by the transfer RNA. 20. Which mRNA codon will start the process of translation? AUG 21. Which amino acid does every protein begin with? Methionine 22. Which mRNA codons will end the process of translation? Stop codons UAA, UAG, or UGA 23. For each statement write either DNA helicase, DNA polymerase, or RNA polymerase DNA polymerase RNA polymerase DNA helicase Reconnects DNA during replication Separates DNA during transcription Separates DNA during replication 24. From the DNA information given, fill in the missing information. DNA mRNA tRNA T T T AAA UUU 25. From the tRNA information given, fill in the missing information. DNA mRNA tRNA GTT
CAA Amino acid LYSINE Amino acid G U U GLUTAMINE 26. From the amino acid given, fill in the missing information. DNA mRNA TAC For #24‐26, remember that mRNA=CODONS that code for the amino acid.
AUG tRNA UAC Amino acid Methionine 27. Below is a strand of mRNA. Follow the rules of translation and fill in the tRNA (anticodons) strand below. G A C A U G
28. Which two amino acids does the following DNA strand code for? Glycine Asparagine