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World History CP 2012-13 American and French Revolutions Study Guide To study well for this test, use this list, class notes, handouts/activity graphic organizers, & your textbook. Review the who, what, when, where, how, and especially the why (significance) of the following terms, people, and events. Remember: some terms are connected -- e.g. the American Declaration of Independence was influenced by the Enlightenment ideas of John Locke and other philosophers. and, in turn the American Declaration of Independence influenced the French Revolution, especially the document known as the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. American Revolution: who, where, when, why Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson Thomas Paine George Washington the U.S. Constitution the Bill of Rights the three branches of the US government republican form of government federal system/ federalism checks and balances separation of powers French Revolution: who, what, when, where, why, how French Revolution (1789-1799) sans-coulottes Old Regime (Ancien Regime) political clubs KIng Louis XVI & Queen Marie Antoinette Girondins, Jacobin First Estate/clergy war against Austria, Prussia, Britain, Spain Second Estate (& members) execution of Louis XVI Third Estate (& members) the guillotine bourgeoisie slogan of the Revolution: “Liberty, Equality, causes of the Revolution, including the financial crisis Fraternity” (brotherhood) long-term and short-term causes! National Convention/republic Meeting of the Estates-General La Marseillaise (French national anthem) voting ʻby headʻ Maximilien Robespierre National Assembly Committee on Public Safety The storming of the Bastille Reign of Terror (1793-94) and the Great Terror The “Tennis Court Oath” Jean-Paul Marat key reforms of the National Assembly Georges Danton Declaration of the RIghts of Man and Citizen Napoleon Bonaparte Olympe de Gouges The Directory (1795-99) the Great Fear Womenʼs march on Versailles Constitution of 1791/veto Legislative Assembly factions & political terms: left/radical; right/monarchist or loyalist; center/moderate Napoleon and Europe through 1815 Napoleon Bonaparteʼs rise to power coup dʼetat (overthrow)/ dictatorship/ dates he ruled Napoleonʼs major reforms, including the Napoleonic Code and how reforms related to the goals of the Revolution plebiscite extent of empire/spread of some ideas of the French Revolution throughout Europe nationalism Napoleonʼs mistakes: Continental System, invasion of Russia and the Peninsular War guerilla warfare & scorched earth policy Napoleonʼs exile to Elba Battle of Waterloo/ exile to St. Helena/ Napoleonʼs death legacy of the French Revolution, both domestic (for France) and foreign (for Europe) Congress of Vienna - goals, including balance of power the Concert of Europe (which was NOT a musical event!) CP World History 2011-12 Unit Focus questions (to help you study better) – You should answer these throughout the unit 1. What was the social structure of the Old Regime in France? Include a complete explanation of each of the three estates 2. What economic troubles did France face in 1789 and how did these problems lead to further unrest? 3. What actions did delegates of the Third Estate take when the Estates-General met in 1789? 4. What was the significance of the storming of the Bastille? 5. What caused French peasants to revolt against the nobles? 6. How did the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen relate to John Lockeʼs Enlightenment ideas? 7. What were the provisions of the Constitution of 1791 and how did the document reflect Enlightenment ideas? 8. How did the rest of the world react to the French Revolution? 9. What occurred after the radicals took control of the Assembly? 10. Why did Robespierre think the Terror was necessary to achieve the goals of the Revolution? 11. What changes occurred in France after the Reign of Terror came to an end? 12. What changes occurred in France as a result of the French Revolution? 13. How did Napoleon rise to power so quickly in France? 14. What reforms did Napoleon introduce during his rise to power? 15. How did Napoleon come to dominate most of Europe by 1812? 16. What challenges faced Napoleonʼs empire and what led to the disaster in Russia in 1812? 17. How did Napoleon impact Europe and the rest of the world? 18. Explain the chief goal of the Congress of Vienna.