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Energy and Life Chapter 8.1 Chemical Energy and ATP • Energy is the ability to do work. • Cells are constantly using energy to perform LIFE FUNCTIONS. – – – – Metabolism Homeostasis Reproduction Transport Chemical Energy and ATP • Energy comes in many forms: – – – – Light Heat Sound Electricity • Without ENERGY, life would not exist. • Living things use CHEMICAL FUEL (ATP). • ATP is the MOST important chemical fuel for cells. Chemical Energy and ATP • The chemical compound that cells use to store and release ENERGY is ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE or ATP. • ATP is a type of NUCLEIC ACID • ATP has 3 parts: – ADENINE – a 5-CARBON SUGAR called RIBOSE – THREE phosphate groups. • The three phosphate groups are the KEY to ATP’s ability to STORE and RELEASE energy. ATP ADP vs. ATP adenosine DI phosphate • Di = 2 adenosine TRI phosphate • Tri = 3 Storing Energy: ADP to ATP • ADP is a compound that looks like ATP except it has 2 PHOSPHATE GROUPS instead of 3 PHOSPHATE GROUPS. • Organisms STORE energy by adding a PHOSPHATE to ADP and the energy is stored in the BOND between the last 2 PHOSPHATES. • ADP is like a RECHARGEABLE BATTERY. Releasing Energy ATP to ADP • Cells can release the ENERGY stored in the ATP by breaking the BOND that holds PHOSPHATE #2 and PHOSPHATE #3. • This is an efficient way of STORING and RELEASING energy as the CELL needs it. Why do cells need energy? Where do living things get ATP from? HETEROTROPHS • Consume OTHER LIVING THINGS for energy. • Classifications – HERBIVORES eat only plants. – OMNIVORES eat plants and animals. – CARNIVORES eat only animals. AUTOTROPHS • Can make their own energy directly from the sun through PHOTOSYNTHESIS. • Classifications – Plants – Algae – Some bacteria