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Energy and Life
Chapter 8.1
Chemical Energy and ATP
• Energy is the ability to do work.
• Cells are constantly using energy
to perform LIFE FUNCTIONS.
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Metabolism
Homeostasis
Reproduction
Transport
Chemical Energy and ATP
• Energy comes in
many forms:
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Light
Heat
Sound
Electricity
• Without ENERGY, life would not exist.
• Living things use CHEMICAL FUEL (ATP).
• ATP is the MOST important chemical fuel for cells.
Chemical Energy and ATP
• The chemical compound that cells use to store
and release ENERGY is ADENOSINE
TRIPHOSPHATE or ATP.
• ATP is a type of NUCLEIC ACID
• ATP has 3 parts:
– ADENINE
– a 5-CARBON SUGAR called RIBOSE
– THREE phosphate groups.
• The three phosphate groups are the KEY to
ATP’s ability to STORE and RELEASE
energy.
ATP
ADP vs. ATP
adenosine DI phosphate
• Di = 2
adenosine TRI phosphate
• Tri = 3
Storing Energy:
ADP to ATP
• ADP is a compound that looks like ATP
except it has 2 PHOSPHATE GROUPS
instead of 3 PHOSPHATE GROUPS.
• Organisms STORE energy by adding a
PHOSPHATE to ADP and the energy is
stored in the BOND between the last 2
PHOSPHATES.
• ADP is like a RECHARGEABLE BATTERY.
Releasing Energy
ATP to ADP
• Cells can release the ENERGY stored in
the ATP by breaking the BOND that holds
PHOSPHATE #2 and PHOSPHATE #3.
• This is an efficient way of STORING and
RELEASING energy as the CELL needs
it.
Why do cells need energy?
Where do living things get
ATP from?
HETEROTROPHS
• Consume OTHER
LIVING THINGS for
energy.
• Classifications
– HERBIVORES eat only
plants.
– OMNIVORES eat plants
and animals.
– CARNIVORES eat only
animals.
AUTOTROPHS
• Can make their own
energy directly from
the sun through
PHOTOSYNTHESIS.
• Classifications
– Plants
– Algae
– Some bacteria