Download 7-Levels of Organization lesson 7

Levels of Organization
Lesson #7
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• Identify an activity you were involved in recently. What
systems of your body cooperated to make the activity
possible?
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• In this lesson, you will learn how the parts of a complex
organism are organized, and how they work together.
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• There are four levels of organization.
Discussion Question
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• The first level of organization is the cell.
• http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/scale/
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• The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in all
living things. Every living thing is made up of one or
more cells.
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• In complex organisms, like humans, cells are specialized
for certain tasks. For example, muscle cells help the body
move.
Cells
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• Cells do not work alone. Each type of cell
depends on other cells to function.
• For example, muscle cells make a body part
move when they get a signal from the nerve
cells.
• Nerve cells send signals throughout the body.
• Red blood cells supply oxygen.
• Bone cells, muscle cells, and fat cells also help
the body.
Cells Work Together
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Contrary to what you parents and teachers
say, everyone does have more than one nerve.
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• The next level of organization is the tissue.
• A tissue is a group of similar cells working
together to perform a specific function. For
example, nerve cells form together to form
nervous tissue.
Tissues
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• Epithelial• Covers the body surfaces and lines internal structures
• Examples-skin and blood vessels
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• Connective• Has many different forms and functions
• Examples-bone, fat, cartilage, and blood
Four Major Types of
Tissues in Animals
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• Muscle• Contracts to produce movement
• Examples-heart, biceps, tongue
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• Nervous• Transmits and processes information
• Examples-spinal cords, brain, nerves
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• The third level of organization is the organ.
• An organ is a group of different tissues that work together
to perform a task.
• An example is the stomach. The stomach is made up of
several different tissues including epithelial, connective,
and muscle tissue. They work together to digest the food.
• Other organs are your heart, brain, liver, ears, and skin.
Organs
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• The fourth level of organization is the organ
system.
• An organ system is a group of organs that
work together to perform a complex function.
Humans have eleven organ systems.
Organ Systems
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Circulatory
Digestive
Endocrine
For each of these, find the role and major
Immune
organs.
Integumentary
Muscular
Nervous
Reproductive
Respiratory
Skeletal
Urinary or Excretory
The Eleven Human Organ Systems
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• Organ systems work together. When you chase a soccer
ball, what does your skeletal system do? Your respiratory
system? Nervous system?
• Many of the organ systems in your body can also be found
in other animals. However, their systems are often simpler
or missing. For example, a worm does not have a skeletal
system.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0yjLJfz6saU
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks3/science/
organisms_behaviour_health/cells_systems/activity/
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• The final level of organization is the organism itself.
• All living things from fungus to animals are organisms.
• A complex organism such as a cow, alligator, or human is
made up of organ systems, which are made up of organs,
which are made up of tissues, which are made up of
specialized cells. In this way, cells are the building blocks
of all living things.
Organisms
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• The heart is involved in the circulatory system and the
respiratory system.
• Your heart is about the size of your fist, and it works 24/7.
The heart of the average person pumps about seventy
times a minute.
• Let’s test it. You will need a timer.
The Strongest Muscle in
the Body-A Quick Lab
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1. Pick up the tennis ball and squeeze it. The force
required for you to squeeze the ball is very similar to the
force needed to squeeze blood out of the heart.
2. Using a timer, count how many times each of you can
squeeze the tennis ball in a period of sixty seconds.
3. How many of you got close to seventy times?
4. How did your hand feel?
5. Imagine that you had to squeeze this tennis ball 24/7
without a break.
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You will make a poster.
It will illustrate the relationship among cells, tissues, organs,
organ systems, and organisms.
Answer these questions:
How are they related?
What are they made of?
What do they do?
What are some examples?
Let’s Make a Poster
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• List the levels of organization from smallest to largest.
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• Answer Cells-tissues-organs-organ systems-organisms
Now, let’s review!
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• An organism is made up of what?
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• Answer-a group of organ systems
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• What system is responsible for moving the body?
• Answer-the muscular system
• What system is responsible for protecting your internal
organs?
• Answer-the skeletal system
• What system is responsible for producing offspring?
• Answer-the reproductive system
The Organ Systems
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What does the respiratory system do?
Answer-Breathing
What are two parts of the circulatory system?
Answer-heart or blood or blood vessels
What are the parts of the nervous system?
Answer-brain, spinal cord, and nerves
What does the immune system do?
Protects against disease
More on the Organ
Systems
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