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Essential Computer Concepts Microsoft Office 2010 ® Objectives • • • • • • XP Compare the types of computers Describe the components of a computer system Examine data representation and the ASCII code Learn about processing hardware Define memory and storage Describe input and output peripheral devices Essential Computer Concepts 2 Objectives XP • Identify the hardware and software that are used for data communications and to establish a network connection • Explain how Internet access, email, and the World Wide Web affect the use of computers • Describe potential security threats to computers and protection methods • Discuss the types of system software and their functions • Identify popular application software • Learn about cloud computing Essential Computer Concepts 3 Computer Advertisement Essential Computer Concepts XP 4 What Is a Computer? XP • A computer is an electronic device that accepts information and instructions from a user, manipulates the information according to the instructions, displays the information in some way, and stores the information for retrieval later Essential Computer Concepts 5 Types of Computers XP • PC: – – – – – Desktop computers Notebook (laptop) computers Tablet PCs Subnotebook computers Netbooks • Slate computers • Handheld computers – Smartphones – MP3 players • Mainframe computers • Supercomputers Essential Computer Concepts 6 Types of Computers Essential Computer Concepts XP 7 Computer Systems XP • Includes computer hardware and software – Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer – Software refers to the intangible components of a computer system, particularly the programs, or lists of instructions, the computer needs to perform a specific task • The design and construction of the hardware of a particular computer is referred to as its architecture or configuration • The technical details about each component are called specifications Essential Computer Concepts 8 Data Representation XP • Data refers to the words, numbers, figures, sounds, and graphics that describe people, events, things, and ideas • Binary digits (bits) • A series of eight bits is called a byte – Kilobyte (KB or K) – Megabyte (MB) – Gigabyte (GB) – Terabyte (TB) • ASCII – American Standard Code for Information Interchange Essential Computer Concepts 9 Data Representation Essential Computer Concepts XP 10 Processing Hardware XP • The motherboard is the main electronic component of the computer – Circuit board • The microprocessor is one of the most important pieces of processing hardware on the motherboard. It contains: ALU,CU, its speed measured by megahertz • Cards are removable circuit boards Essential Computer Concepts 11 Memory XP • Random access memory (RAM) – Volatile memory – SDRAM: synchronized with the CPU • Cache memory (RAM cache or CPU cache):faster access to the CPU. • Virtual memory: use the permanent storage device. Essential Computer Concepts 12 Memory XP • Read-only memory (ROM) – BIOS: set of instructions that tells the computer how to start. – Boot process: set of events between you turn on the PC and be able to use it. – Nonvolatile memory: it remains even if the computer turned off. • Complementary metal oxide semiconductor memory (CMOS): have a rechargeable battery and store the date and time. it changes every time you add or remove a hardware Semipermanent memory. Essential Computer Concepts 13 Storage Media XP • A computer file is a named collection of stored data • An executable file contains the instructions that tell a computer how to perform a specific task • A data file is created by a user Essential Computer Concepts 14 Storage Media XP • Magnetic storage media – A hard disk contains several magnetic oxidecovered metal platters that are usually sealed in a case inside the computer Essential Computer Concepts 15 Storage Media XP • Optical storage device – CD – DVD – CD-R – CD-RW – CD-ROM – DVD-R – DVD+R – DVD-RW – DVD+RW – BD-RE Essential Computer Concepts 16 Storage Media XP • Flash memory – Solid state storage: expensive used as hard drive. – Flash memory cards – USB flash storage device • USB flash drive Essential Computer Concepts 17 Input and Output XP • The data or instructions you type into the computer are called input • The result of the computer processing your input is referred to as output • Peripheral devices accomplish input and output functions Essential Computer Concepts 18 Input Devices XP • You use an input device, such as a keyboard or a mouse, to input data and issue commands – Keyboard • Ergonomic – Pointing device • Controls the pointer – Mouse – Scroll wheel – Trackball – Touchpad – Pointing stick – Touchscreen • consider an input/output device – Scanner Essential Computer Concepts 19 Output Devices XP • Output devices show you the results of processing data – Monitor • Flat panel • LCD • LED – Printer • Laser • Inkjet • Dot matrix – Speakers Essential Computer Concepts 20 Data Communications XP • The transmission of text, numeric, voice, or video data from one computer to another or to a peripheral device is called data communications – Sender and receiver – Channel – Protocol Device driver (driver) Essential Computer Concepts 21 Data Bus XP • This path between the microprocessor, RAM, and peripherals is called the data bus • Controller card/Expansion card connected to each port and provide an electrical connection to peripheral devices and they plug into electronic connector on the motherboard called Expansion slot. Essential Computer Concepts 22 Networks XP • A network connects one computer to other computers and peripheral devices, enabling you to share data and resources with others • Network interface card (NIC) – PAN personal area network. – LAN local area network – WiMax standard that allow users to connect over many – WAN wide area network – WLAN wireless local area network miles to a LAN Essential Computer Concepts 23 Telecommunications XP • Telecommunications means communicating over a comparatively long distance using a phone line or some other data conduit – Modem • Digital and analog signals – DSL (digital subscriber line) Broadband connections: high speed connections. Essential Computer Concepts 24 The Internet XP • The Internet is the largest network in the world, connecting millions of people – Email – World Wide Web: huge database of information stored in network servers and allow public access. • Web page • Web site: collection of webpages. Essential Computer Concepts 25 Security Threats on Your Computer XP • Security refers to the steps a computer owner takes to prevent unauthorized use of or damage to the computer – Malware • Viruses: harmful programs – Antivirus software • Spyware track the user and send the information back to the program creator. • Adware display advertisements. Essential Computer Concepts 26 Security Threats on Your Computer XP • Firewall prevent other computers in the network from accessing your computer. • Spoofed site that look like other site. • Phishing sending emails asking the users to click a link. • Pharming redirect users from the actual site to the spoofed site. Essential Computer Concepts 27 System Software XP • Helps the computer carry out its basic operating tasks – Operating system • System resource: any part of the computer system. Operating systems allocate resources. • Multitasking the ability of starting and running more than one program. – Utilities: antivirus, screen saver – Programming Languages used to write a program Essential Computer Concepts 28 Application Software XP • Application software enables you to perform specific computer tasks, such as document production, spreadsheet calculations, and database management – Document production software Essential Computer Concepts 29 Application Software XP – Web site creation and management software – Spreadsheet software – Database management software Essential Computer Concepts 30 Application Software XP • Presentation software Essential Computer Concepts 31 Application Software • • • • • XP Photo editing software Video editing software Multimedia authoring software Accounting software Information management software Essential Computer Concepts 32 Computing in the Cloud XP • Cloud computing means that data, applications, and even resources are stored on servers accessed over the Internet rather than on users’ computers, and you access only what you need when you need it – Windows Live SkyDrive Essential Computer Concepts 33