Download Digestive System

Medical Therapeutics
 Group
of organs that
changes food that has
been eaten into a form
that can be used by the
body’s cells.
 Also
known as the
gastrointestinal system or
 GI Track
 The connecting chain of
organs is referred to as the
alimentary canal.
1. Ingestion
2. Digestion
3. Absorption
4. Elimination
 Mouth,
pharynx, esophagus,
stomach, small intestine, and
large intestine
Two layers of involuntary muscles
When food enters the esophagus, the
muscles alternate contract and relax,
squeezing the bolus.
Together they create the peristaltic
movement which moves the bolus to
the stomach
The whole process takes less than 5
seconds
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 The
upper opening to the
stomach is controller by a
circular muscle called the
cardiac sphincter
 10 inches long, j shaped
 Constructed of 3 layers
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1.
Carbohydrates
2. Proteins
3. Fats
A tube about 1 inch in diameter
and about 20 feet long
 Divided into 3 sections
 1st is a c shaped section about 9
inches long called the duodenum
common area for ulcers known
as duodenal ulcer
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Largest gland in the body
Lies below the diaphragm in the
upper right quadrant of the
abdomen extending into the left
upper quadrant
Secrets bile at a rate of over a pint a
day
Gives the fecal material it brown
color
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Small sac attached to the underside of the liver
Sole purpose is to store bile for use during
digestion
Cystic duct empties the GB
Hepatic duct from the liver connect to form the
common bile duct
The common bile duct empties into the
duodenum to be added to the chyme during
the digestion process
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Lies behind the stomach with the head in the
bend of the duodenum
Empties pancreatic juices into the duodenum
which aids in digestion
Secretes insulin directly into the blood stream
No digestion occurs in this area
 Colon also frames the abdomen
 Absorbs excess fluid from chyme
through capillaries in the lining
 Only about five feet long

Cholecystography-x-ray of the
gallbladder after administration
of contrast media
 Colonoscopy- Examination using
a fiber optic scope to examine the
entire colon
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Anorectal abscess and fistula- localized
infection of the tissue adjacent to the rectum
Sings throbbing pain lump which makes sitting
and coughing uncomfortable
Causes- sharp object in the feces such as fish
bone or sea shell,
Treatment-surgery to drain the access
Inflammation of the colon
causing tenderness and
discomfort
 May be acute due to bacteria or
chronic due an allergy or
emotional stress
 Treatment-none has to run its
course
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Second leading cause of death (2nd to lung)
93% of cases occur after 50 more in women
than men
Very slow growing if caught early can be
cured
54% cases will occur in the rectum
21% in sigmoind,5% in descending colon,
3% in Splenic flexure, 5% transverse colon,
3% in the hepatic flexure 9% cecum
An opening in the wall of the
abdomen that allows fecal
material to excrete from the body
 Can be temporary or permanent
 Indicated when an obstruction of
the large bowel occurs near or at
the sigmoid colon
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Sluggish bowel
Signs- dry, hard, infrequent bowel
movement
Causes- diet, meds, dehydration,
lack of exercise
Treatment- stool softeners, increase
fluid intake
Add fiber to the diet
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Inflammation of any part of the colon
Most common at the end of the cecum
Signs- appendicitis type pain, cramping,
pain and tenderness, bloody stool,
tenderness in right lower quadrant
Treatment- liquid diet, pain meds,
steroids for inflammation
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Runny stools
Signs- pain in abdomen followed by
urgency with watery loose stool
Treatment- antiditreatment of the
underlying problem diarrhea meds,
decrease fluid intake and fiber,
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Inflammation of the stomach
Signs- pain the term may be applied to such
conditions as intestinal flu, diarrhea and food
poisoning.
Cause- bacteria, food poisoning, drug reaction
Treatment- maalox, mylanna, anti gas type
meds.