Download SIOP-Industrial-Organizational Psychology Learning Segment

Industrial-Organizational Psychology
Learning Module
Motivation and
Performance
Prepared by the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology - SIOP
Lesson Objectives
At the end of this lecture, you should:
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Know the definition and components of
motivation
Understand reinforcement and goal setting
Understand how these concepts are
applied to motivate employees
Prepared by the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology - SIOP
Motivation Defined
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Any force that energizes and directs people
to perform their jobs
Intent of behavior is to satisfy needs and
achieve goals
 needs:
physiological (hunger) or social
(achievement)
 incentives: situational factors that direct
behavior to achieve goals that satisfy needs
 reinforcers: consequences of behavior that
affect probability of repeating behavior
Prepared by the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology - SIOP
Reinforcement Theory

When a need exists, we are motivated to
work hard to achieve goal, to satisfy needs.
Motivation
to perform
Performance
(Hard work)
Reinforcement
(Needs satisfied)
Incentive
(Paycheck)
Prepared by the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology - SIOP
Reinforcement Theory (cont.)
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Employees will repeat responses that are
positively reinforced
Individual must operate on environment to
earn the reward
Effects will depend on schedules of
reinforcement
 monthly
paycheck
 daily bonuses
 working piece-rate on assembly line
Prepared by the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology - SIOP
Case #1 Discussion
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What was being used as motivation in this
case?
What effects on “performance” were seen?
How do these issues illustrate:
 Needs
 Incentives
 Reinforcers
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How are these concepts used in your jobs?
Would this work for everyone?
Prepared by the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology - SIOP
Goal-Setting Theory
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We rationally set task-related goals
We decide on the effort and time to be
invested to achieve goals
Goals must be:
 specific
(not “do your best”)
 challenging but attainable
 accepted

Feedback on performance is critical
Prepared by the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology - SIOP
Case #2 Discussion
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What are the pros and cons of establishing
goals at work or school?
Would setting goals before you start
influence your effort invested?
 In
your job?
 In school?
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What kind of goals would you set?
How difficult should goals be?
Prepared by the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology - SIOP
How I/O psychologists help
employers motivate workers
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Designing Management-By-Objectives
(MBO) programs
 managers
and employees set performance
goals together

Establishing organizational behavior
modification programs
 using
reinforcement concepts in the
workplace
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Providing advice on reward systems
 compensation,
promotions, etc.
Prepared by the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology - SIOP