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Download WHI: SOL 8b
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WHI: SOL 8b Spread of Islam Geographic influences on the origin and spread of Islam • Diffusion along trade routes from Mecca and Medina • Expansion despite great distances, desert environments, and mountain barriers • Spread into the Fertile Crescent, Iran, and Central Asia facilitated by weak Byzantine and Persian empires Geographic influences on economic, social, and political development • Political unity of the first Muslim empire was short-lived. • Arabic language spread with Islam and facilitated trade across Islamic lands. • Slavery was not based on race. Diffusion • Diffusion of Islam – Mohammed declared a jihad—a holy war undertaken by Muslims against unbelievers. – Islam claimed Mecca and portions of Arabia. – Expansion continued after Mohammed’s death, but Islam also spread through trade and travel, not just through conquest. • Division of Islam – After the prophet’s death, there was division between the Sunni and the Shi’a over the issue of who should rule. Shiite (Shi’a) • Strict Islamic followers • Believe the caliph MUST be a direct blood descendant of Muhammad through his daughter Fatima and Son-in-law Ali • Predominantly in modern day Iran Sunni • Believe any devout Muslim can be caliph • Does NOT have to be a direct descendant of Muhammad • Use Sharia as a basis but not followed exactly • Most Muslims are Sunni**** Islamic Empires • • • • Umayyad (Sunni) Abbasid (Shiite) Seljuk (Sunni) Mongols (from Mongolia, converted to Islam) • Ottoman (Sunni- Turks) • Safavid (Shiite- Persia) Umayyad Empire Abbasid Empire Seljuk Empire Mongols Ottoman Safavid