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Rome’s Beginnings Chapter 8 Section 1 Where was Rome located? • • • • In Italy On Tiber River On seven hills Legend of Romulus and Remus • Founded between 800B.C. and 700B.C. Birth of a Republic • Etruscans ruled Rome for over 100 years (from north) • Romans rebelled against a cruel Etruscan family of rulers called the Tarquins • Started republic in 509 B.C. Why was Rome so strong? • Excellent soldiers • Every male citizen who owned land had to serve in military • Groups called legions (6,000) • Carried short sword and spear • Tough discipline Good rulers • Built permanent military settlements in Italy • Built roads • Treated conquered people well • Not afraid to use force to put down rebellions • By 267 B.C. conquered most of Italy The Roman Republic Chapter 8 Section 2 Rome’s government • 2 social classespatricians (wealthy landowners) and plebeians (artisans, shopkeepers, farmers) • Consuls-top government officials (two) • Consuls could veto each other’s suggestions • Senate-300 men who proposed laws Roman Government (cont) • 471 B.C. gave plebeians more power in gov’t (went on strike) • Cincinnatus-best known early dictator • Twelve Tables-first code of Roman law • Rule of law-law applies to everyone equally First Punic War • Fought Carthage (state in N. Africa) for control of island of Sicily • Rome won Second Punic War • Rome helped people of Spain rebel against Carthage • Carthage sent Hannibal to attack Rome • Rome lost battle of Cannae • Scipio (Roman General) defeated Carthage at battle of Zama • Conquered Macedonia, Greece, and part of Asia