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Transcript
Mutation Notes: Brainstorm the following question: What is a mutation? Think about this as you read… Open your book to page 136 and quietly read the section titled: Mutations (pgs.136-137) with the person sitting next to you. Mutations A mutation is any change in a gene or chromosome. A mutation in a body cell (somatic), such as a skin cell, will not be passed on to the offspring. A mutation in a sex cell (hereditary) can be passed on to an offspring. Types of Mutations One or more base substitutions: One or more bases are deleted: Original sequence: ATTCGG Substitution: ATTAGG Original sequence: ATTCGG Deletion: ATTGG Chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis. Too many chromosomes Not enough chromosomes Effects of mutations A mutation is harmful if it reduces an organisms chance for survival or reproduction. A mutation is helpful if it increases an organisms chance of survival or reproduction. Example: Down Syndrome is caused by having 3 chromosomes instead of 2 in the 21st pair. Example: Sickle-cell disease is caused by a codominant allele. If you get one allele, you are resistant to Malaria. Some mutations are neutral. Example: Albinism, caused by a recessive allele, results in lighter skin and hair pigment. Read Environmental Factors on Genetics Read page 150 with the person sitting next to you. What environmental factors affect genetics? Diet Skill development Climate
