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Chemistry
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Matter
What is Matter?
Where is Matter made?
Matter = any material
substance with Mass,
Density & Volume
Matter
comes in 3 phases
Solid
Gas
Liquid
Solid
Definite Shape
Definite Volume
Liquid
Indefinite Shape –
takes the shape of the
container
Definite Volume
Gas
Indefinite Shape –
takes the shape of
the container
Indefinite Volume –
can expand and be
compressed
Elements one of the 100+ pure substances
that make up everything in the universe
Examples of Elements
C = Carbon
Na = Sodium
O = Oxygen
Ca = Calcium
H = Hydrogen
K = Potassium
N = Nitrogen
I = Iodine
Cl = Chlorine
S = Sulfur
P = Phosphorus
C. Elements
1. All matter is composed of elements
2. Substances that cannot be broken into simple
substances by chemical means
Most Common Elements in Earth’s Crust
46.6% Oxygen (O)
27.7% Silicon (Si)
8.1% Aluminum (Al)
5.0% Iron (Fe)
3.6% Calcium (Ca)
2.8% Sodium (Na)
2.6% Potassium (K)
2.1% Magnesium (Mg)
Atom the smallest particle making up elements
How Small Is an Atom??
Bohr Model
Sub-atomic Particles
Protons p+ - positive
charge, in nucleus
Neutrons n0 – no charge,
in nucleus
Electrons - e- negative charge, orbiting nucleus
Periodic Table Cheat Sheet:
• Atomic Number = # of protons
• Atomic mass= # of protons & neutrons
• Electrons= same # of protons
(for stable elements)
Drawing an Atom of Carbon
6
C
12.011
Atomic # = # of p+ and # of eCarbon has 6 p+ and 6 e-
Atomic Mass minus Atomic # = # of n0
Carbon has 6 n0
Drawing an Atom of Carbon
eee-
6 p+
6 n0
ee-
e-
E. Compounds
- A substance made of atoms combined in a
fixed proportion.
Ex. H – H – O = water
Ex. H2O + Na = Saltwater
Reading Chemical Compounds
How many different elements?
H2O
How many total atoms?
NaCl
H2SO4
Be(OH)2
Compounds
Compounds - 2 or more elements
chemically combined to form
a new substance with
new properties
Properties – The way a chemical
substance looks and behaves
Compounds
Compounds – are made of 2 or
more different atoms combined to
form Molecules
O
H+O
H2O =
H
H
Chemical formula lists the
number of different atoms
in a single molecule
Structural formula shows
the arrangement of the
atoms in a single molecule
Molecules
Glucose Sugar
H
C
C6H12O6
H
OH
Chemical formula
H
C
C
H
OH
C
H
OH
O
H
C
C
OH
Structural formula
H
OH
Compounds
Inorganic
Compounds
• usually don’t contain
Carbon
• generally come from the
earth
• generally simple molecules
or
Organic
Compounds
• always contain C & H and
usually O, N, sometimes
S&P
• originate in organisms
• generally complex molecules
Examples of Inorganic
Compounds
H + O = H2O = Water
H + Cl = HCl = Hydrochloric Acid
C + O = CO2 = Carbon Dioxide
Na + Cl = NaCl = Common Table Salt
Examples of Organic
Compounds
C, H + O
C, H + O
Carbohydrates = Sugars,
starches & cellulose
Lipids = Fats & Oils
C, H, O, N, &
sometimes P + S
Proteins
C, H, O, N, + P
Nucleic Acids – DNA & RNA
PT Interactive
• Bozeman Science -Atoms and Periodic
Table
D. Isotopes
1. Definition: Atoms of the same number of
protons, different number of neutrons
Ex. Carbon-12 & Carbon-14
2. Useful because they decay at a specific rate.
-tells us the age of a rock or fossil
1.Atom attraction
a. Atoms in their normal state have an equal #
of protons & electrons.
b. Said to be “stable”
2. Ion
a. An atom that gains or loses one or more
electrons becoming either more positively or
negatively charged
3. Ionic Bonds- electrons are transferred
4. Covalent bonds-electrons are shared
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yjge1W
dCFPs&feature=related
1. When an atom gains or loses an
electron it is now called an ____.
Ion
2. How many different elements are
in the following compound?
(CH3)2CO
Answer- 3
3. How many total atoms are in
the following compound?
(CH3)2CO
Answer- 10
4. The atomic number tells how
many ____________ are in the
element.
protons
5. What type of chemically bonding
involves the sharing of electrons?
Covalent
What is your stone?
Chemistry
Diga, diga, diga, diga,
that’s all folks!