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The Art of Islam Oct. 13, 2011 I. Introduction: art and religion Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, opening Nov. 1, 2011 II. Introduction to Islam Abraham and his son Isaac, Ravenna, Church of San Vitale, 547, mosaic Muhammad and Islam • Muhammad, the Prophet, 570- 632 CE in Mecca • Qur’an (sometimes spelled Koran), was revealed to Muhammad in approximately 23 years between 610-632 CE • In 622 CE Muhammad fled Mecca with his followers and went to Medina, a desert oasis This event the Hegira marks the beginning of the • His followers returned and conquered Mecca in 630 • By Muhammad’s death the Arabian tribes were united and had joined Islam Qur’an. 9th or 10th Century Islam Islam and Muslim come from words meaning submission to the will of Allah (God) Islam is emphatically monotheistic Five pillars of Islam 1 The testimony 2. Daily prayer 3 Fasting during Ramadan 4 Almsgiving 5 A pilgrimage to Mecca Hadj Also observance of moral code in the Qur’an Kaa’ba, Mecca, Saudi Arabia, III. The Dome of the Rock and Haram al-Sharif Jerusalem, Western Wall, wall of the foundation of the second Temple 19 B.C.E. Dome of the Rock, Haram el Sharif, late 7th century Jerusalem, Dome of the Rock, late 7th century Tile, Kashan, 13th century Jerusalem, Western Wall, wall of the foundation of the second Temple 19 B.C.E. Dome of the Rock, Haram el Sharif, late 7th century Church of the Holy Sepulcher, Jerusalem, Israel, plan and reconstruction of the Constantinian church, ca. 325 Domes of the church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem, 326 IV. Ceramics and Textiles Dish, Iran, 10th century Bowl, earthenware, 1425-50 Ceramic tile with an Arabic inscription, Iran, 1215 Ardabil carpet, Iran, 1539-1540 Ardibil Carpet, Iran 1539-40 Mosque lamp, glass, gilded and enamelled glass, Syria or Egypt c. 1360 V. The Great Mosque of Cordoba Great Mosque at Cordoba, Spain begun 786, Umayyad, Caliphate Great Mosque at Cordoba, Spain begun 786, Umayyad, Caliphate Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem, late 7th century, Umayyad Caliphate Qu’ran which has blood (purportedly Uthman’s) on its pages Great Mosque at Cordoba, Spain begun 786, Umayyad, Caliphate Great Mosque at Cordoba, Spain begun 786, Ummayyad, Caliphate, hypostyle hall Plan of the Great Mosque, Kairouan, Tunisia, ca. 836-875. Great Mosque at Cordoba, Spain begun 786, Umayyad, Caliphate Marble capital from the great Mosque at Cordoba, 10th century Mihrab niche which identifies the qibla wall (direction of Mecca and the Kaa’ba), Great Mosque at Cordoba, 965 Dome in front of the mihrab niche, Great Mosque at Cordoba, 965 Great Mosque at Cordoba, Spain begun 786, Umayyad, Caliphate Stained glass, Notre Dame, Cathedral of Reims, France, 1211-1255 Great Mosque at Cordoba, Spain begun 786, Umayyad, Caliphate Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem, late 7th century, Umayyad Caliphate Cathedral of Cordoba, inside the mosque of Cordoba, 15th Century