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THE AESTHETICS OF ARABIC CALLIGRAPHIC
THE AESTHETICS OF ARABIC CALLIGRAPHIC

... One of the basic needs of human beings which compliment their lives, apart from air, food, water and cloth, is shelter. All these living essentials are derived directly from the environment. By implication, it can be said that the environment determines and informs where and how humans should subsis ...
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... (sessions of wisdom) on Isma'ili philosophy and esoteric thought, which were reserved for members of the ‘and held weekly under the personal supervision of the chief da'/' in the palace of the caliph-lmam. In this short but highly informative assessment of Fatimid intellectual traditions, it becomes ...
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... The Kaaba has been modified extensively throughout its history. The area around the Kaaba was expanded in order to accommodate the growing number of pilgrims by the second caliph, ‘Umar (ruled 634-44). The Caliph ‘Uthman (ruled 644-56) built the colonnades around the open plaza where the Kaaba stand ...
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Architectural Representation of Islamic Modernism in Indonesia
Architectural Representation of Islamic Modernism in Indonesia

... slamic modernism appeared as a reformation movement based on two main ideas: purifying norms by rejecting deviation from religious practices, and adopting new ways of thinking to adapt to the modern world. In Indonesia the movement had an important role in the development of modern Islamic organizat ...
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... Islamic society, civilisation and culture. Islamic architecture is about Islam in a manifest form. The identity and vocabulary of Islamic architecture evolved as a means for the fulfilment of concerns of Muslim societies. Islamic architecture was never an end in itself. It was the vessel of Islamic ...
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The Umayyad Dynasty - Harrison Humanities
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Umayyad Mosque



The Umayyad Mosque, also known as the Great Mosque of Damascus (Arabic: جامع بني أمية الكبير‎, Romanization: Ğāmi' Banī 'Umayya al-Kabīr), located in the old city of Damascus, is one of the largest and oldest mosques in the world. It is considered by some Muslims to be the fourth-holiest place in Islam.After the Arab conquest of Damascus in 634, the mosque was built on the site of a Christian basilica dedicated to John the Baptist (Yahya), honored as a prophet by Christians and Muslims alike. A legend dating to the 6th century holds that the building contains the head of John the Baptist. The mosque is also believed by Muslims to be the place where Jesus (Isa) will return at the End of Days. The tomb of Saladin stands in a small garden adjoining the north wall of the mosque.
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