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What IS DNA anyway? Do Now 10/25 OBJECTIVE: 1. Describe the structure, functions and types of nucleic acids. TASK: 1. Reminder: enzyme lab due MONDAY. 2. Which of the following is most likely a lipid? C5H10O5 NH2CHCH2OHCOOH C11H23COOH C11H23COOH: A Fatty Acid • Although there is no true monomer of lipids, the compound shown is an example of a common lipid subunit called a fatty acid: Long nonpolar tail • CH3(CH2)10 “fatty” Polar carboxylic acid group COOH “acid” Fatty Acids are Parts of Important Lipids DNA’s Basic Structure isn’t Complex • Just like polysaccharides are long chains of… • And proteins are 1 or more long chains of … • Nucleic Acids are long chains of… NUCLEOTIDES Nucleotides: The Subunits of Nucleic Acids A, C, G, T, U DNA & RNA Are Made Up of Nucleotides Sugar – Phosphate Backbone Hydrogen bonds between base pairs hold the two strands together This model animation shows approximately 40 nucleotides arranged in a double helix (2stranded spiral.) DNA is a chemical that stores information. It’s like a hard drive. Computers store information as 1s and 0s. DNA and RNA store information as As, Ts, Gs, and Cs. Just like an iPod stores your favorite songs, DNA stores your species favorite biological instructions. • DNA stores important information • RNA Processes and transfers information DNA & RNA: The 2 types of Nucleic Acids DNA Monomer # strands RNA DNA Nucleotides RNA Nucleotides (deoxyribose (ribose sugar) sugar) 2 1 Function Store Information Process Information Bases A,T,G,C A,U,G,C The sugars aren’t that different. RNA Structure • Because RNA molecules are single stranded, they can have a great variety of shapes and structures. • These shapes are formed by the single stranded molecule hydrogen bonding to itself in different ways Self-replicating RNA molecules Wrap Up: • What are nucleic acids made of? • What element do nucleotides have that other monomers don’t? • What do nucleic acids do? • What are the two types of nucleic acids? • What holds the two strands of a DNA molecule together? • What are some of the differences between DNA and RNA?