Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF MATTER: ATOMS AND ELEMENTS - ++ + + + + + + - - - - • HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=_LNF3_30LUE ATOMS ARE. . . • BASIS OF ALL MATTER • SMALLEST PART OF A SINGLE ELEMENT THAT RETAINS THE PROPERTIES OF THE ELEMENT PARTS OF AN ATOM NUCLEUS • MADE UP OF PROTONS AND NEUTRONS • PROTONS • HAVE A POSITIVE CHARGE(+) • NEUTRONS • HAVE A NEUTRAL CHARGE ELECTRON CLOUD • AREA AROUND NUCLEUS WHERE ELECTRONS ARE FOUND • ELECTRONS • HAVE A NEGATIVE CHARGE(-) WHY ARE ELEMENTS DIFFERENT FROM EACH OTHER? • ATOMS OF DIFFERENT ELEMENTS CONTAIN DIFFERENT NUMBERS OF PROTONS • EXAMPLE • OXYGEN = 8 PROTONS • COLORLESS GAS AT ROOM TEMPERATURE • SODIUM = 11 PROTONS • SILVERY SOFT METAL AT ROOM TEMPERATURE • PERIODIC TABLE ORGANIZES ELEMENTS AND PROVIDES INFORMATION THE ATOM’S “CENTER” • PROTONS AND NEUTRONS ARE GROUPED TOGETHER TO FORM THE “CENTER” OR NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM. Notice that the electrons are not apart of the nucleus - + - + + - ELECTRONS (-) • NEGATIVELY CHARGED PARTICLES • FOUND IN ORBITS/LEVELS; EACH ORBIT/LEVEL CAN HOLD A MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ELECTRONS ( 1ST = 2, 2ND = 8, ++ + + + + + + - - - 3RD = 8 OR 18, ETC…) • EQUAL TO THE NUMBER OF PROTONS • INVOLVED IN THE FORMATION OF CHEMICAL BONDS - - - - PROTONS (+) • THE ATOMIC NUMBER EQUALS THE NUMBER OF PROTONS IN A SINGLE ATOM OF THE ELEMENT. • PROTONS ARE POSITIVELY CHARGED PARTICLES • HELP MAKE UP THE NUCLEUS OF THE ATOM ++ + + + + + + - - - • HELP IDENTIFY THE ATOM (COULD BE CONSIDERED AN ATOM’S DNA) • THE ATOMIC NUMBER ALSO EQUALS THE NUMBER OF ELECTRONS IN A SINGLE ATOM OF THIS ELEMENT. - + - - ATOMIC NUMBER • THE NUMBER OF PROTONS IN THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM - - + ++ - What would be the atomic number of this atom? NEUTRONS - ++ + + + + + + - - - - - • NEUTRAL PARTICLES; HAVE NO ELECTRIC CHARGE • HELP MAKE UP THE NUCLEUS OF THE ATOM • CONTRIBUTE TO THE ATOMIC MASS Numbers on the Periodic Table 11 Na 22.990 sodium ATOMIC NUMBER • NUMBER OF PROTONS IN A SINGLE ATOM OF THIS ELEMENT • EQUAL TO THE NUMBER OF ELECTRONS IN A SINGLE ATOM OF THIS ELEMENT 11 Symbol of the element Na 22.990 sodium Name of the element Numbers on the Periodic Table – cont. 11 Na 22.990 sodium Atomic Mass • Average mass of all protons and neutrons in an atom Mass Number • Atomic Mass rounded to the nearest whole number • Number of protons + neutrons one atom MASS NUMBER • THE TOTAL NUMBER OF PROTONS AND NEUTRONS IN AN ATOM’S NUCLEUS • EXPRESSED IN ATOMIC MASS UNITS (AMU) • EACH PROTON OR NEUTRON HAS A MASS OF 1 AMU What would be the mass number of this atom? + - 3 4 + ++ 3 protons + 4 neutrons = a mass number of 7 amu Why did we not account for the electrons when calculating the mass number? - - REMEMBER: • ATOMIC # = PROTON # = ELECTRON # MASS # - ATOMIC # = NEUTRON NUMBER PRACTICE ATOMIC # = ATOMIC # = ATOMIC MASS = ATOMIC MASS = MASS # = MASS # = # PROTONS = # PROTONS = # NEUTRONS = # NEUTRONS = # ELECTRONS = # ELECTRONS = BOHR MODEL OF AN ATOM • FIRST MODEL TO HAVE A NUCLEUS WITH PROTONS AND NEUTRONS • SHOWS • ELECTRONS • LOCATED IN ENERGY LEVELS AROUND THE NUCLEUS • VALENCE ELECTRONS • ELECTRONS IN THE ENERGY LEVEL FARTHEST FROM THE NUCLEUS BOHR MODEL OF AN ATOM MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ELECTRONS PER ENERGY LEVEL PRACTICE