Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download 3 Basic Shapes
Document related concepts
Deoxyribozyme wikipedia , lookup
Molecular cloning wikipedia , lookup
Cre-Lox recombination wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
List of types of proteins wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
• Prokaryote: no nucleus – Chromosome & plasmids float freely in cytoplasm • Ribosomes: create proteins • Flagella: used in movement • Pili: act as anchors • Capsule: outer coating • Endospore: “cocoon” to protect DNA in harsh times Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes • Many bacteria grow • 1) Bacillus = Rod in colonies • 2) Coccus = Spherical • 3 Basic Shapes: • 3) Spirillum = Spiral Bacteria Reproduction • Binary Fission: asexual reproduction where one cell splits into two cells – Both cells have identical sets of DNA – Less genetic diversity • Conjugation: process where DNA is exchanged – Cells connect by pili – DNA exchanged • Creates genetic diversity Nutrition • Many Heterotrophs – Feed on living and dead matter & return nutrients to soil (saprophytes) • Some autotrophs and perform photosynthesis – Cyanobacteria • Essential to healthy ecosystems The bacteria that causes TB lives in your lungs…which type is it? • Obligate Anaerobic = cannot live in oxygen • Facultative aerobic = can live with or without oxygen • Obligate Aerobic = must live in oxygen Kingdoms of Life • Live in extreme environments • Offer glimpse of early earth • 3 Main Categories: – 1) Methanogens: methane producing – 2) Halophiles: thrive in salty environments – 3) Thermophiles: thrive in extreme heat (~230°F) Silly…yet educational…Archaebacteria Kingdom Eubacteria • Modern Bacteria • Often identified by Gram Stain test – Gram negative: • stains pink • harder to treat because of extra outer layer – Gram positive: • stains purple • Treatments differ depending upon results Gram Stain Overview Cyanobacteria UV UV UV UV UV UV • Autotrophs: create O2 during photosynthesis • Evolutionary Importance – Early life lived in oceans (no ozone layer) – Cyanobacteria released O2 into the atmosphere – Oxygen recombined into the ozone layer – Ozone layer allowed life to evolve on land Ozone layer (O3) develops over millions of years Ocean water Uninhabited land O2 O2 O2 O2 Helpful Bacteria • Bacteria have been engineered for human uses: – Food: cheese, bread, yogurt, cabbage, sauerkraut – Medicine: antibiotics, insulin – Industry: insecticides, fuel, environmental cleanup HEALTHY MODERATE PERIODONTITIS GINGIVITIS ADVANCED PERIODONTITIS Name this bacteria shape! Name this bacteria shape! Name these cell parts! Name the process shown in this animation.
