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Ancient
Greece
It’s all Greek to
me?
Greek Contributions
Olympics
Democracy
Trial by Jury
Theatre- comedy, tragedy,
history
Medicine
Mythology
Ancient Olympics
1st recorded Olympic year was in 776 B.C.
Started as a religious ceremony honoring
the Greek God Zeus
Held at city-state Olympia
Held for about 5 days every 4 years
Only Greeks could compete
All Wars stopped
Events were held in nude after 776
If a person committed a crime they could not
compete
Women had different sites to compete
Athletes had to qualify at city-state Elis
City-States chose their athletes
Day One Footraces
Day Two Pentathlon
Day Three Boxing
Day Four Wrestling
Day Five Pancreation
Prizes and Closing Ceremonies
Winners won wreath of olive leaves
Riches awaited the winners win the got back to the
city state
ACHILLES
SON OF PELEUS A MORTAL KING AND
THETIS, A SEA NYMPH
DIPPED BY THETIS IN THE RIVER STIX
MAKING HIM INVULNERABLE, EXCEPT
HIS HEEL
GREATEST WARRIOR OF
AGAMENON’S ARMY
WILL BE KILLED BY PARIS
TROJAN WARS
In Greek mythology, war between Greeks and Trojans.
The Trojans. The war's final year forms the main part of
Homer's Iliad. It began when Paris abducted Helen, wife
of Menelaus.
Helen (Helen of Troy) was the daughter of Leda and
Zeus and was reputed to be the most beautiful woman
mortal in the world.
The Trojan War was a fierce battle in which The
Greeks besieged Troy for nine years. They finally won
when, pretending to depart, they left a wooden horse,
which the Trojans took into the city. Warriors hidden in
the horse opened the city gates to the Greek army, which
sacked Troy.
All the men and male children were put to death. The
females were captured as slaves.
The Trojan War
probably reflected a real war c.1200 B.C. over control of
trade in the Dardanelles.
The Greeks had many
gods in their religion
Zeus was the supreme
god
They all lived on Mt.
Olympus
Other main gods were
Apollo, Athena,
Aphrodite, Eres,
Poseidon, and Hades.
All souls went to Hades
Some Greeks prayed to
local gods rather than
Mt. Olympus.
Greeks were not really
united by religion
Greek Religion
Aphrodite - Goddess of love, romance, and beauty. Her son was
Eros, god of Love (though he is not an Olympian.)
Apollo - Beautiful god of the sun, light, medicine, and music.
Ares - Dark god of war who loves Aphrodite.
Artemis - Independent goddess of the hunt, the forest, wildlife,
childbirth, and the moon. Sister to Apollo.
Athena - Daughter of Zeus and goddess of wisdom, war, and crafts.
Sometimes spelled "Athene".
Demeter - Goddess of agriculture and mother of Persephone (again,
her offspring is not considered to be an Olympian.)
Hephaestus - Lame god of fire and the forge.
Sometimes spelled Hephaestus. The Hephaestion near the
Acropolis is the most beautifully preserved ancient temple in
Greece. Mated to Aphrodite.
Hera - Wife of Zeus, protector of marriage, familiar with magic.
Hermes - The speedy messenger of the gods, god of business. The
Romans called him Mercury.
Hestia - Calm goddess of home and home life, symbolized by the
hearth which holds the continually-burning flame.
Poseidon - God of the sea, horses, and of earthquakes.
Zeus - Supreme lord of gods, god of the sky, symbolized by the
thunderbolt
No other city has contributed more to
the civilization of mankind than
Athens. It is the place where Socrates
was born, Plato, Aeschylus,
Sophocles, Euripides and many
others. It is the place that humanism
and democracy were born. The
intellectual light that Athens created
will always be alive.
Spartan Training
When a child was born it was judged within 3 days if it
would be healthy or unhealthy
If unhealthy baby would be taken to junkyard and thrown
to wolves
At age 7 girls start training at home and boys go to
Palestra, a community training center. Introduced to
rigorous training
At Age 10 boys began to compete in public. Also beating
began. Beaten for 5 hours on their birthday until 16. If
you made any sound you were executed on the spot
Spartan Training
Age 12-18 intensive training in running, shooting,
etc. Hand to hand combat emphasized
Age 18 Young Spartans join secret police to kill any
slaves who might rebel
Ages 19-24 Frontline Soldiers
If soldier did not bring shield home it was a
considered a disgrace
Age 24-30 Defended Sparta around
city-state area
Ages 30-60 In reserve duty.
Could be arrested if not in shape
60+ Served Spartan government
Persian Wars
The Persians and Greeks were fighting
because of land expansion
Greeks expanding toward Persians and
Persians expanding toward Greeks
There were three different occasions when the
Persians attacked the Greeks
1st Persian War 492 BC was Darius wanted to
attack Athens but ½ of his navy went off the
coast of Thrace. When he demanded bag of
water and dirt from the city states they ignored
him
Persian tactics were to let
the enemy get close and
then bury them with a
barrage of arrows
Athenians and Spartans
favored close quarter
fighting with long, heavy
spears, sword, and shield
Persian Wars
2nd Persian War 490 BC Darius put 48,000 men
on ships and planned to attack Greece
Fighting raged for 8 days, then on the 9th day
At the Plains of Marathon 10,000 Athenians
met him and were outnumbered 2-1, “Persians
thought they were mad”
In 5 hours the Athenians completely
mutilated Persians
6400 Dead Persians, only 192 Athenian deaths
Sent Pheidippides the greatest runner in
Greece to run and tell Athens they’d won. He
fell dead at 26 miles after delivering the
message from heat exhaustion and fighting.
3rd Persian War 480 BC
Xerxes, son of Darius,
intended to get the larges
army ever, 250,000+ across
the sea
At Thermopylae a group of
Greeks were to hold the pass
The main part of this alliance
was King Leonidus and 300
Spartans. After a few days of
fighting King Leonidus told
the other Greeks to leave.
They were successful for
three days but then Xerxes
sent his troops through a
secret pass to surround the
Spartans
Persian Wars
Persian Wars
The Spartans were finally overtaken
This battle destroyed the moral of the Persian
troops
Athens was evacuated to Salamis a nearby island
Athens was burned and 2/3 was destroyed
Xerxes sent his navy into destroy the Greeks but
the Greeks had superior boats and destroyed the
Persian navy.
The result of these Wars is that the Greek way of
life was preserved such as democracy and voting.
If Persians won our way of life would be different.
Battle of Salamis
Greatest naval battle of Persian Wars
Greeks lead by Themistocles
Persians outnumbered Greeks 3-1
Larger Greek ships and close quarter
(Greeks could swim) fighting would
lead to the downfall of the Persian fleet
as Xerxes watched from a nearby hill
Xerxes army flees to Plataea and in 479
bc they are defeated again and Greece
enters it’s Golden Age
Peloponnesian War
Sparta vs. Athens
lasted for 27 years
Best Warriors=Sparta
Good Warriors and BIG
Population= Athens
Neither side got upper
hand until a plague hit
Athens killing 60% of
population
Sparta won
War ends Greek unity
and went back to
separate and
independent city-states
ELEPHANT VS.
WHALE
“KNOW THY SELF”
ORACLE AT DELPHI
Greek Philosopher
Socrates
469-399 B.C. Athens
Great Teacher and philosopher never took money for
teachings.
Method of teachings was constantly ask questions
because it stimulates discussion
“Know thyself” was most famous quote
He got in trouble for corrupting the people, as he
constantly questioned traditions and criticized
Peloponnesian War
Trail of Socrates 501 men on jury Found guilty of treason
and gave him three choices
1 Apologize
2 Move
3 Death by Hemlock **he chose this**
Socrates did not write much so we know him by his
students
Greek Philosophers
Plato
Socrates most famous student wrote The Republic ideal
world. Wrote down own ideas with Socrates influence
One of first written works to argue for equal rights for
women
Aristotle
Studied under Plato
The most divers well rounded of the three
Father of Biology
Wrote Politics
Taught Alexander the Great
“Patience is virtue” “Moderation”
Homer
Blind and had someone
write for him
Wrote Illiad and The
Odyssey
Herodotus
Father of History
Wrote about 3 Persian
Wars biased toward
Greeks
Thucydidas
Wrote about the
Peloponnesian War
Objective and tried to be
accurate
Greek Writers
Pericles
Leader of Athens for 31
years between 460-429
BC
“Golden Age” of Athens
Greece was strong and
united
Philip II of Macedonia
350 BC
Attacked Persia and
brought Greek citystates under his control.
Took 1/3 of them
Alexander the Great
256-323 BC*Macedonian*
Finished fathers job and
conquered Greece and
Persia
Died at age of 33 from
malaria
Famous Greeks