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The Ancient Greeks
Chapter 4
The Early Greeks

Geography
o They made a living from the ______ as well as from ___________.
o They raised sheep rather than cattle and grew olive trees rather than
wheat because they were mountaineous.
o They lived in _______________ villages.
o They didn’t like to travel on land because they ___________________
_____________________________________________________.

The Minoans and the Mycenaeans
o The Minoans were not Greeks, but their civilization was the first to arise
in the region that later became Greece. They made a living from
__________.
o The Mycenaeans were originally from _________________.
o ___________________________ (German) discovered one of the
walled palaces in Mycenae and named the people of this civilization the
Mycenaeans.

Dark Age
o Trade slowed and poverty took hold.
o Before long, Greeks had forgotten the importance of ______________
and ___________________________.

Greek city-states
o A Greek city-state was called a _______.
o __________ was the open area below the acropolis that was a
marketplace. (a market and a place to meet and debate issues)
o Greek citizens were ______________________________________
____________________________________________.
Sparta and Athens

Types of governments:
o ___________________ = one ruler who usually inherited power and passed on
leadership to his son.
o ___________________= where all citizens share in running the government.
o __________________ = person who takes power by force and rules with total
authority.
o __________________= allows for a few people to make decisions.
o ______________________= allows all people to decide government matters.
o Around 600 B.C., a __________________ came to power in Greece.

Sparta
o ___________________ was used to control its citizens.
o A boy’s life in Sparta:

At 7 - lived in barracks and treated harshly to make them tough

At 20 – entered regular army

At 30 – returned home but stayed in army until age 60
o Spartan women:


were trained in ______________________________________.

Freer than other Greek women

Owned property and could go anywhere they wanted
Athens
o A boy’s life in Athens:

Went to school

At age 18, finished school and became a citizen
o Athenian women:

Girls stayed home and were taught by their mothers.

Women stayed at home and taught their children.
o How did one become a member of Athens’ Council of 500?
_____________________________________________________________
Persia attacks the Greeks

Persia is located in southwestern part of present day __________.

Cyrus the Great was the leader who united the Persians into the largest empire in the
world and focused on _______________________________________________.

The religion of Persia was called ________________________. They believed in one
god.

In 499 B.C., the ____________ army and the ____________ army worked together to
defeat the Persians. This demonstrates that these rivals will join together to defeat a
common enemy.

The Battle of Marathon, the Battle of Salamis, and the Battle of Thermopylae have this
in common. - _________________________________________________________
The Age of Pericles

The Age of Pericles was known as a period of __________________ and
___________________.

Beginning in 478 B.C., the _______________ League served as the treasury and
commander of the fleet.

___________________ was a dominate figure in Athenian politics.

In 431 B.C., Sparta and other city-states joined forces against Athens to fight in the
________________________ War.

What made it easier for the Greeks to destroy the Persians at Salamis?
__________________________________________________________________
Review:

Relationship between people and their surroundings - __________________________

People who study and write about the human past are _______________________.

_______________ followed animals for their food source.

Skilled workers in Mesopotamia were called ______________.

________________________ led the Israelites out of Egypt and into the Sinai
Desert.

Belief that there is only one god; became the basis for Islam and Christianity.
______________________