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MR. GREER PRESENTS...
AN INTRO. TO PSYCHOLOGY
PRODUCTION...
CH.5: ABNORMAL
PSYCHOLOGY-THEROTICAL
PERSPECTIVES
PSYCHODYANMIC
PERSPECTIVE:
Dr. Sigmund Freud
What is it? And Where did it
come from?
• Psychodyanmic
Approach- based on
the idea that thoughts
and emotions are
important causes of
behavior
• Sigmund Freud:
– Creator
– Breuer and Anna “O”
case
Psychoanalysis
• Main theme of Freud’s work
• Psychoanalysis- it emphasizes the recovery
of unconscious conflicts, motives, and
defenses through therapeutic techniques
• Goal: help patient gain insight about
themselves and their problems
• Moving unconscious thoughts or feelings
from the unconscious level to conscious
level
The Three Dimensions of the
Mind
The Human Mind
Unconscious
Conscious
Preconscious
Therapeutic Applications
• Free Association- a patient spontaneously express
their thoughts and exactly as they occur with as little
censorship as possible
• Dream Analysis- the therapist interprets the
symbolic meaning of the client’s dream(s)
• Transference-occurs when patients unconsciously
begin relating to their therapist in ways that mimic
their critical relationships
Defense Mechanisms
• Repression
– Most common
– Act of forgetting
• Denial
– Refusing to accept reality
– Hazardous to health
• Displacement
– Shifting feelings
– More acceptable substitute
Defense Mechanisms
• Projection
– Unacceptable aspects of
oneself is attributed to another
• Reaction-Formation
– Displaying the opposite
impulse
• Sublimation
– Healthy
– Dealing with feelings in a
socially acceptable manner
Psychosexual stages of
Development
• Personality developed in stages
based upon sexual pleasures
• Central theme: Sexuality
• Fixation-an arrest in personal
development caused by
unresolved difficulties in a given
stage
• Regression-adapt some of the
feelings or behaviors inherent to
earlier stages
Psychosexual Stages of
Development
• Oral Stage
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–
–
–
–
–
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Birth to 11/2 years
Baby nurses from mom
Bond develops
Feeding dominant activity
Biting occurs
Learning to control urges
Oral fixation
• Smoking
• Overeating
• Nail biting
Psychosexual Stages of
Development
• Anal Stage
– 11/2 to 3 years
– Learn to use toilet
– Perceives this ability as a
control agent for parents
– Anal Fixation
• Anal Retentive
– Sloppy and nonconforming
• Anal Expulsive
– Very clean conforming
Psychosexual Stages of
Development
• Phallic Stage
– 3 to 6 years
– Children learn to explore their
body
– Oedipal Complex
• Greek Myth-Oedipus
• Boys develop strong affinity for
mom and hate dad
• Girls adore father and renounce
mom
• Child begins to form relationship
with same-sex parent
Psychosexual Stages of
Development
• Latency stage
– 6 to 12 years
– Sexuality is not evident
– Children tend to purse
other activities such as
school, sports, toys, etc.
– Tend to form same-sex
relationships
Psychosexual Stages of
Development
• Genital Stage
– 13 to adult
– Learn to control urges
– Tendency for
regression
– Early conflicts
– Ex: Bill Clinton
The Psychic Structure
• Three parts of the mind
– Id
• Basic energy in mind
• Unorganized
• operates on Pleasure
Principle
– Superego
• Norms or rules exclusively
dictate our behavior and
thoughts
– Ego
• Self as we know it
• Balance of Id and Superego
The Psychic Structure
• Primary thinking process
– Id controls behavior
– Inability to discriminate
between real and unreal
– Inability to inhibit
impulses
– Immediate satisfaction
without regard to rules
– Characteristic of childhood
– Shift goals in order to
achieve gratification
The Psychic Structure
• Secondary Process Thinking
– Reality oriented
– Characteristic of older
children and adults
– Dependent on ego
– Maladaptation exists when
primary processes play an
overriding role in adults’
behavior
Neo-Freudians
• Not everyone perceive
Psychoanalysis as
legitimate
• Taboo: associating sexual
desires with child
development
• Neo-Freudians modified
Freud’s thinking
• Most studied under Freud
Neo-Freudians
• Carl Jung and Alfred Adler
• Both students of Freud
• More optimistic about
human nature
• Less emphasis on basic
drive or desire
• Individuals have more
choice in their lives
• Focused on role of society
and religion
Neo-Freudian
• Eric Erikson was another
student of Freud
• Developed a model that
countered Freud’s
Psychosexual theory
• Psychosocial Approach
– Child development influenced
by socialization
– Similar principles
• Development occurs in stages
• Must overcome a crisis to
advance
Conclusion
• Review
– Psychoanalysis and its
therapeutic approaches
– Three kinds of
consciousness
– Defense Mechanisms
– The Psychic Structure
– Psychosexual Model
– Neo-Freudians
Conclusion
• Tomorrow lesson:
– Humanitarian
Approach
• Carl Rogers and Abe
Maslow
• Classroom Discussion
on Project
• Homework Due!
• Have a good day!!
THE END??