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Psychosexual Development • The development of the psyche: • Personality develops in stages • Progresses in stages as the libido (desire, sexual energy) is redirected to different parts of the body • Fixation: Lack of resolution • Excessive frustration or overindulgence (vs gratification) results in fixation • Portion of libido remains invested Psychosexual Development • Psychosexual Stages – Oral – Anal – Phallic – Latency – Genital 1. Oral Stage -Crisis: Being weaned away from mother(pleasurable mouth stimulation and teething) Age Characteristics Types • Mouth is the primary erogenous zone Birth – 1 • Pleasure derived from sucking • Id is dominant Oral incorporative: •Excessive concern with oral activities Oral aggressive: •Excessive pessimism & aggressiveness Oral Stage (BIRTH TO 18 MONTHS) • Theme – Infants are driven to satisfy the drives of hunger and thirst • Conflict – Child must give up breast feeding • Fixation – Dependency – Preoccupation with oral acquisition 2. Anal Stage -Crisis: Toilet trainingAge Characteristics • Anus is primary erogenous zone 18 Months • Toilet training – 3 years interferes with gratification of defecating Types Anal retentive: •Rigid, stubborn, stingy Anal aggressive/expulsive: •Cruel, destructive, tantrums Anal Stage (18 Months – 3 years) • Theme: – Child receives pleasure from relieving self of bodily waste • Conflict: – Child is “toilet trained” • Fixation: – Preoccupation with neatness – Excessive “bathroom humor” – “anal-retentive” and “anal-expulsive” characteristics – (too critical and strict parenting and too lenient parenting) Anal Stage (18 Months – 3 years) • Fixation: – Preoccupation with neatness, parsimony, order, organization… • Adulthood obstinacy ‘I will go when I want’ • Stinginess ‘I’ll keep it to myself’ – Excessive “bathroom humor” • Making messes of one’s and other’s lives – “anal-retentive” and “anal-expulsive” characteristics – (too critical and strict parenting and too lenient parenting) 3. Phallic Stage -most complex to dissolve- Conflıct: Age 4-5 Characteristics • Genitals are primary erogenous zone • Superego development Types Boys: •Oedipus Complex •Castration Anxiety Girls: •Electra Complex •Penis Envy Phallic Stage • Theme: – Child gains pleasure through the genitals – Oedipus Complex-Boys desire mother • Castration anxiety – Electra Complex-Girls suffer penis envy Phallic Stage • Conflict: – Overt sexual behavior socially unacceptable • Fixation: – Vanity (excessive pride), narcissism, inability to love By age 6, good sense of gender identity 4. Latency Period No new developments – NO fixatıons Age Characteristics • Not a true stage – period of rest, calm 5– Puberty • Sex instinct sublimated into school activities, hobbies, and sports • Focus on same sex friendships Latency Stage • Theme: – Psychosexual energy is channeled into academic and social pursuits • Conflicts and fixations do not occur during this stage • Freud failed to put focus on this important phase in life • making frriends • • learning socialization Developing study habits etc Age 5. Genital Period Characteristics • Libidinal energy organized around the genitals • Conforming to societal sanctions of sexual expression Adolescence • Finding satisfaction in love & work – Adulthood • Focus committed adult relationships – warm and caring… • Sublimation via focus on achievement at work Genital Stage • Theme: – The individual gains satisfaction from mature sexual relationships • This stage is achieved if a person makes it through the other stages with enough available sexual energy – no strong fixations – “normal” (conventional) adult sexuality is viewed as the healthy outcome