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Transcript
Ecosystems Aim- What are ecosystems and how do they work? What are ecosystems and how do they work? The picture on the left is an ecosystem, showing all living things and non-living things What is an ecosystem? An ecosystem is a community of interacting plants and animals. An ecosystem is made up of two components - Living things and Their non-living environment eg water, air, rocks and soil - Ecosystems rainforests Alpine Ecosytems Deserts Grasslands What are ecosystems and how do they work? Did you know? •insects, birds and fish are all animals •grass and trees are plants •mushrooms are fungi – a special type of plant Task 2 Explain (relate cause and effect) if the following are ecosystems, explain your answer in detail a) b) c) How do ecosystems work? The living things interact with their environment and each other How big are ecosystems? They can exist at a variety of scales; local, regional and national - An ecosystem is any size you choose to study, for example, a pond - a forest a desert - an ocean Feeding in an ecosystem…. Did you know? • a few plants can feed on Insects • they trap the insect in a bowl of liquid that just dissolves them away It all starts with the sun’s energy transfer to plants… 1. 2. 3. 4. Plants trap sun’s energy in chlorophyll Carbon dioxide is taken in as is water through roots It uses the sun’s energy to turn these into glucose (sugar) this process is called photosynthesis It combines this glucose with minerals from the soil to make the things it needs to grow A food chain A food chain is the relationship between living organisms where one organism is dependent on another as a source of food. PRODUCERS What happens next? CONSUMERS a caterpillar which is eaten by…. which is eaten by…. is eaten by…… a wood mouse the leaf a fox dead remains, droppings and other waste material …. are eaten by …. earthworms, insects, fungi and bacteria DECOMPOSERS A Food Chain shows which creatures eat each other In this example, grass is eaten by cows, which are eaten by people Interactives http://www.crickweb.co.uk/assets/resource s/flash.php?&file=foodchains Food Chains http://www.zephyrus.co.uk/foodpuzzlechai n.html Food Chains http://ecokids.earthday.ca/pub/eco_info/to pics/frogs/chain_reaction/assets/flash/chai n_reaction.swf Flash interactive http://puzzling.caret.cam.ac.uk/game.php? game=foodchain Food Chain game Primary producers Plants are the primary producers in an ecosystem because they produce their own food. Primary & Secondary Consumers Herbivores are primary consumers as they eat plants. Herbivores are eaten by the secondary consumers carnivores (meat eaters). Some animals eat a mixture of plants and animals these are known as omnivores. Decomposers Decomposers include many types of bacteria and fungi. Their function is to break down the wood, dead leaves and dead bodies of other living things so that every living thing is recycled. Grass is the PRODUCER Cows are Primary Consumers as they eat the grass, they are called HERBIVORES Humans are secondary consumers eating the cow, when humans eat both animals and plants they are called OMINIVORES Animals which eat other animals only are called CARNIVORES Food Web A food web is the series of interconnected food chains within an ecosystem. Energy flows: Each ecosystem is sustained by the flow of energy through it. The main source of energy is sunlight. Energy is then able to pass through the ecosystem in a food chain in which plants are eaten by animals, and some animals consume each other. In other words, each link in the chain feeds on and obtains energy from the link preceding it. In turn it is consumed by and provides energy for the link that follows it. Flash animation http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/esp/2001_gbio/folder_structure/ec/m3/s2/ecm3s2_6.htm Recycling of nutrients: Each cycle consists of plants taking up nutrients from the soil. The nutrients are then used by plants, or by animals which consume the plants. When the plants or animals die, they decompose and the nutrients are released and returned to the soil ready for future use. Nutrient Cycle SUMMARY An Ecosystem is the relationship between Soil, Climate, Vegetation and Animals in an environment SUMMARY Ecosystems recycle nutrients, such as Carbon & Nitrogen INPUTS Sunlight Air Rain Soil PROCESSES Feeding Reproduction Decomposition OUTPUTS Oxygen Water Minerals Extension task “All ecosystems depend on the sun’ Do you agree? Draw a diagram to help you explain your answer. Homework The earth is the largest ecosystem of all. Illustrate how (you choose drawing or writing) humans fit in to this ecosystem? Tips to help What do humans do to the world’s ecosystem? How do humans manage the world’s ecosystem? How do humans control the world’s ecosystem? Nutrient Cycle