Download Minerals and Rocks

MINERALS
1. D
2. D
3. C
4. D
5. B
6. C
7. A
8. D
9. C
10.A
11.D
12.A
13.D
14.C
15.D
16.D
17.D
ROCKS
1. D
17.C
2. C
18.A
3. C
19.D
4. C
20.D
5. B
21.C
6. D
22.A
7. A
23.C
8. A
9. A
10.B
11.B
12.A
13.C
14.D
15.B
16.D
Here’s Your Earth Science SOL Breakdown...
what you’re going to face on May 23rd, 2012
60 Total Questions
10 Field Questions … will not count for or
against you … just there to shake your
confidence!!!
Geology …
Oceanography, Meteorology & Groundwater …
Astronomy …
Scientific Investigation …
Charts, Graphs, Pictures,
usually the answer is right in front of you…
These are the ones you can’t afford to miss!
21 Questions
10 Questions
9 Questions
10 Questions
50 Questions
that count!
SOL REVIEW….MINERALS & ROCKS
Read each fact carefully and then
be prepared to answer the
questions that follow
NO TALKING
GIVE THIS YOUR TOTAL ATTENTION
HERE WE GO
MINERALS
Definition:
Know how to
read Moh’s
Hardness Scale
•inorganic
•naturally occurring
Uses of Minerals:
•a solid substance
Quartz - glass
with a definite
Gypsum - drywall
chemical
Limestone - concrete
composition
The 2 most common
elements in the crust
are silicon and oxygen
Arrangement of atoms
will determine hardness &
cleavage of a mineral
Minerals are identified by their physical properties:
Luster
Nonmetallic or
Metallic
Like
Galena
Color
Sulfur…
Smells bad
Streak-
Cleavage
Calcite…
fizzes with
HCL
Hardness
Gemstones
color of powdered mineral
Pyrite…aka
The 2 most abundant
Fool’s gold Specific Gravity…
minerals on Earth are
density of a mineral
SPECIAL PROPERTIES:
quartz & feldspar
Magnetite is magnetic
Native Element…made of
Calcite shows double refraction only 1 element ex. copper
Can you answer these questions?
A mineral’s crystal shape and cleavage are a direct
result of the mineral’s
hardness
abundance in nature
Which
arrangement
2 elements
of atoms
listed below
exposure
are most
to abundant
water andby
air
weight in the Earth’s crust?
hydrogen and iron
oxygen and magnesium
Moh’s
scale and
arranges
mineralssilicon
according
to their
hydrogen
calcium
and oxygen
Resistance to breaking
Specific heat
Resistancelike
to scratching
Specific
Gemstones
ruby and sapphire
are gravity
valuable due
to their color and hardness. These gemstones would
most likely be located on Moh’s scale at the
hardness level of
4
9
1
3
Can you answer these questions?
Which statement is best
supported by the data
shown?
An iron nail contains fluorite
A streak plate is composed
Which
conclusion can be
of quartz
made based on the
Topaz is harder than a
information in the chart?
steel file
Quartz
Apatiteis isharder
softer than
than topaz
a
Calcite
harder than apatite
copperispenny
Fluorite is harder than feldspar
Gypsum is harder than talc
Can you answer these questions?
The mineral mica breaks evenly along flat sheet
mainly because of its
Chemical composition
Hardness
Density
Atomic
arrangement
Which
mineral
bubbles when acid
is placed on it?
galena
halite
calcite
sulfur
The original shape of mineral sample A was altered
when it was hit with a rock hammer. Which physical
property caused the mineral to break as it did?
hardness
luster
cleavage
streak
Can you answer these questions?
Which mineral is used to make drywall board?
Quartz
Calcite
Gypsum
Pyrite
Which mineral in the form of sand can be used to
make glass?
Calcite
Quartz
Gypsum
Diamond
Which
mineral is
used to make
powders like
baby
powder?
Talc
Calcite
Galena
Gypsum
Which of the following minerals is NOT an ore?
Graphite
Magnetite
Hematite
Which mineral is used in your pencils?
Quartz
Virginia’s
Valley and Ridge
province
features Karst
Pyrite
Graphite
Fluorite
Copper
topography. This results from limestone dissolving.
Limestone is formed from what mineral?
Gypsum
Calcite
Fluorite
Sulfur
Igneous Rocks
Formed by molten material (magma or lava) cooling
Identified by TEXTURE which is rate of cooling
Cools Outside the Earth
Extrusive
Cools fast
Has small grains or is called
fine grained…example is basalt
When it cools fastest it
will have a glassy texture
…like Obsidian
Cools quick enough
to trap air bubbles
…like pumice that
floats on water
Cools Inside the Earth
Intrusive
Cools slowly
Has large gains or is
called coarse grained
An example is granite
Sedimentary Rocks
Are formed by weathered and eroded bits of other rocks that
get cemented and compacted together
Key Sedimentary
Rock Words
include:
weathering & erosion
layers or strata
oceans & deposition
Examples of Sedimentary Rocks
cemented & compacted
This is the only rock group
that usually contains
FOSSILS
Sandstone
Shale
Limestone…fizzes
With HCL acid
An organic sedimentary rock
(formed from something once
living) is COAL
Metamorphic Rocks
Formed by heat and pressure
Are divided into 2 groups:
Foliated
Means banded or striped
An
example
is Gneiss
Key Word:
Recrystallization…
means to soften and
then harden again
(like butter)
Nonfoliated
No layers or bands
An
example
is Marble
Another
Another
example is
example
Quartzite
is Slate
Composition and texture determine how a rock was formed
The Rock Cycle: the process where
one type of rock changes into another type of rock
Which group do the following rocks belong in?
sandstone
obsidian
pumice
basalt
shale
conglomerate
marble
gneiss
schist
limestone
quartzite
granite
slate
Sedimentary
Igneous
Metamorphic
Can you answer these questions correctly?
Which characteristic is most common in sedimentary
rocks?
foliation
layering
Which graph
best shows
the relationship between
intergrown
crystals
the size of the crystals in an igneous rock and the
glassy texture
length of time it has taken the rock to solidify?
Metamorphic rocks result from the
erosion of rocks
recrystallization of rocks
cooling and solidification of molten magma
compression and cementation of soil particles
Can you answer the following questions?
The diagram below represents a rock with a distorted
layer structure.
Is this rock
foliated or
Foliated
nonfoliated?
The distorted structure of this rock is most likely the result of
A long period of weathering
Glacial activity
A fine-grained igneous rock was probably formed by
Wind erosion
Weathering
and erosion
Extreme pressure
Great heat and pressure that did not produce melting
Rapid cooling of molten material
Burial and cementation of sediment
Can you answer the following questions?
The grouping of rocks as igneous, sedimentary, and
metamorphic is based primarily upon differences in
age
origin
size
hardness
Which sample would most
likely contain fossils?
gneiss
granite
basalt
sandstone
Which sample is igneous
and has a coarse texture?
sandstone
conglomerate
basalt
granite
Can you answer the following questions?
The rounded pebbles of this rock have
been cemented together to form
granite, an igneous rock
conglomerate, a sedimentary rock
sandstone,
a sedimentary
Which
sequence
of events rock
occurs in the formation of
a metamorphic
rock
agneiss,
sedimentary
rock?
What do most igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
rocks have in common?
Most rocks are composed of a single mineral
All rocks contain fossils
Rocks are made up of minerals
All rocks contain minerals formed by compression and
cementation