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MINERALS 1. D 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. C 10.A 11.D 12.A 13.D 14.C 15.D 16.D 17.D ROCKS 1. D 17.C 2. C 18.A 3. C 19.D 4. C 20.D 5. B 21.C 6. D 22.A 7. A 23.C 8. A 9. A 10.B 11.B 12.A 13.C 14.D 15.B 16.D Here’s Your Earth Science SOL Breakdown... what you’re going to face on May 23rd, 2012 60 Total Questions 10 Field Questions … will not count for or against you … just there to shake your confidence!!! Geology … Oceanography, Meteorology & Groundwater … Astronomy … Scientific Investigation … Charts, Graphs, Pictures, usually the answer is right in front of you… These are the ones you can’t afford to miss! 21 Questions 10 Questions 9 Questions 10 Questions 50 Questions that count! SOL REVIEW….MINERALS & ROCKS Read each fact carefully and then be prepared to answer the questions that follow NO TALKING GIVE THIS YOUR TOTAL ATTENTION HERE WE GO MINERALS Definition: Know how to read Moh’s Hardness Scale •inorganic •naturally occurring Uses of Minerals: •a solid substance Quartz - glass with a definite Gypsum - drywall chemical Limestone - concrete composition The 2 most common elements in the crust are silicon and oxygen Arrangement of atoms will determine hardness & cleavage of a mineral Minerals are identified by their physical properties: Luster Nonmetallic or Metallic Like Galena Color Sulfur… Smells bad Streak- Cleavage Calcite… fizzes with HCL Hardness Gemstones color of powdered mineral Pyrite…aka The 2 most abundant Fool’s gold Specific Gravity… minerals on Earth are density of a mineral SPECIAL PROPERTIES: quartz & feldspar Magnetite is magnetic Native Element…made of Calcite shows double refraction only 1 element ex. copper Can you answer these questions? A mineral’s crystal shape and cleavage are a direct result of the mineral’s hardness abundance in nature Which arrangement 2 elements of atoms listed below exposure are most to abundant water andby air weight in the Earth’s crust? hydrogen and iron oxygen and magnesium Moh’s scale and arranges mineralssilicon according to their hydrogen calcium and oxygen Resistance to breaking Specific heat Resistancelike to scratching Specific Gemstones ruby and sapphire are gravity valuable due to their color and hardness. These gemstones would most likely be located on Moh’s scale at the hardness level of 4 9 1 3 Can you answer these questions? Which statement is best supported by the data shown? An iron nail contains fluorite A streak plate is composed Which conclusion can be of quartz made based on the Topaz is harder than a information in the chart? steel file Quartz Apatiteis isharder softer than than topaz a Calcite harder than apatite copperispenny Fluorite is harder than feldspar Gypsum is harder than talc Can you answer these questions? The mineral mica breaks evenly along flat sheet mainly because of its Chemical composition Hardness Density Atomic arrangement Which mineral bubbles when acid is placed on it? galena halite calcite sulfur The original shape of mineral sample A was altered when it was hit with a rock hammer. Which physical property caused the mineral to break as it did? hardness luster cleavage streak Can you answer these questions? Which mineral is used to make drywall board? Quartz Calcite Gypsum Pyrite Which mineral in the form of sand can be used to make glass? Calcite Quartz Gypsum Diamond Which mineral is used to make powders like baby powder? Talc Calcite Galena Gypsum Which of the following minerals is NOT an ore? Graphite Magnetite Hematite Which mineral is used in your pencils? Quartz Virginia’s Valley and Ridge province features Karst Pyrite Graphite Fluorite Copper topography. This results from limestone dissolving. Limestone is formed from what mineral? Gypsum Calcite Fluorite Sulfur Igneous Rocks Formed by molten material (magma or lava) cooling Identified by TEXTURE which is rate of cooling Cools Outside the Earth Extrusive Cools fast Has small grains or is called fine grained…example is basalt When it cools fastest it will have a glassy texture …like Obsidian Cools quick enough to trap air bubbles …like pumice that floats on water Cools Inside the Earth Intrusive Cools slowly Has large gains or is called coarse grained An example is granite Sedimentary Rocks Are formed by weathered and eroded bits of other rocks that get cemented and compacted together Key Sedimentary Rock Words include: weathering & erosion layers or strata oceans & deposition Examples of Sedimentary Rocks cemented & compacted This is the only rock group that usually contains FOSSILS Sandstone Shale Limestone…fizzes With HCL acid An organic sedimentary rock (formed from something once living) is COAL Metamorphic Rocks Formed by heat and pressure Are divided into 2 groups: Foliated Means banded or striped An example is Gneiss Key Word: Recrystallization… means to soften and then harden again (like butter) Nonfoliated No layers or bands An example is Marble Another Another example is example Quartzite is Slate Composition and texture determine how a rock was formed The Rock Cycle: the process where one type of rock changes into another type of rock Which group do the following rocks belong in? sandstone obsidian pumice basalt shale conglomerate marble gneiss schist limestone quartzite granite slate Sedimentary Igneous Metamorphic Can you answer these questions correctly? Which characteristic is most common in sedimentary rocks? foliation layering Which graph best shows the relationship between intergrown crystals the size of the crystals in an igneous rock and the glassy texture length of time it has taken the rock to solidify? Metamorphic rocks result from the erosion of rocks recrystallization of rocks cooling and solidification of molten magma compression and cementation of soil particles Can you answer the following questions? The diagram below represents a rock with a distorted layer structure. Is this rock foliated or Foliated nonfoliated? The distorted structure of this rock is most likely the result of A long period of weathering Glacial activity A fine-grained igneous rock was probably formed by Wind erosion Weathering and erosion Extreme pressure Great heat and pressure that did not produce melting Rapid cooling of molten material Burial and cementation of sediment Can you answer the following questions? The grouping of rocks as igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic is based primarily upon differences in age origin size hardness Which sample would most likely contain fossils? gneiss granite basalt sandstone Which sample is igneous and has a coarse texture? sandstone conglomerate basalt granite Can you answer the following questions? The rounded pebbles of this rock have been cemented together to form granite, an igneous rock conglomerate, a sedimentary rock sandstone, a sedimentary Which sequence of events rock occurs in the formation of a metamorphic rock agneiss, sedimentary rock? What do most igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks have in common? Most rocks are composed of a single mineral All rocks contain fossils Rocks are made up of minerals All rocks contain minerals formed by compression and cementation