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Transcript
Do Now • Why are chromosomes important? • How many chromosomes do humans have? • What is a genetic disorder? Objectives • To understand what “karyotyping” is and how it is used to determine genetic disorders. • To explain what a monosomy is vs. a trisomy. • To complete a karyotyping exercise to determine what type of genetic disorder a hypothetical baby would have. Chromosomes • Most humans have 46 chromosomes • Any human that has more or less is due to something called “non-disjunction” which happens during Meiosis. Meiosis • In meiosis, normal human cells that contain 46 chromosomes create new cells that contain half of that-23. (SO WE AREN’T MUTANTS WITH 92 CHROMOSOMES!!) Non-disjunction • During meiosis, something can go wrong during anaphase (when the chromosomes are pulled apart) causing a cell to have too many, or not enough chromosomes. • Lets watch as two biology students demonstrate this process with twizzlers and m&ms… - Nondisjunction Karyotypes • Diagram of our pairs of chromosomes used to determine disorders. • Contain 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes. • Female= X X • Male = X Y Karyotype Lab 1) Read about each of the disorders that can be found in the packet. Fill in the chart with the necessary information. 2) Obtain a baby from Ms. B. With your partner 3) Construct a “karyotype” that shows your baby’s chromosomes in order from 1-23. Name the baby and write it’s sex and it’s disorder on a piece of construction paper if it does not have a disorder, write “normal”. 4) Refer to the karyotype on the board as an example.