Download Karyotype Lab Notes

Do Now
• Why are chromosomes important?
• How many chromosomes do humans
have?
• What is a genetic disorder?
Objectives
• To understand what “karyotyping” is and
how it is used to determine genetic
disorders.
• To explain what a monosomy is vs. a
trisomy.
• To complete a karyotyping exercise to
determine what type of genetic disorder a
hypothetical baby would have.
Chromosomes
• Most humans have 46 chromosomes
• Any human that has more or less is due to
something called “non-disjunction” which
happens during Meiosis.
Meiosis
• In meiosis, normal
human cells that
contain 46
chromosomes create
new cells that contain
half of that-23. (SO
WE AREN’T MUTANTS
WITH 92
CHROMOSOMES!!)
Non-disjunction
• During meiosis, something can go wrong
during anaphase (when the chromosomes
are pulled apart) causing a cell to have
too many, or not enough chromosomes.
• Lets watch as two biology students
demonstrate this process with twizzlers
and m&ms…
- Nondisjunction
Karyotypes
• Diagram of our pairs of chromosomes used
to determine disorders.
• Contain 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair
of sex chromosomes.
• Female= X X
• Male = X Y
Karyotype Lab
1) Read about each of the disorders that can be
found in the packet. Fill in the chart with the
necessary information.
2) Obtain a baby from Ms. B. With your partner
3) Construct a “karyotype” that shows your
baby’s chromosomes in order from 1-23. Name
the baby and write it’s sex and it’s disorder on
a piece of construction paper if it does not
have a disorder, write “normal”.
4) Refer to the karyotype on the board as an
example.