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Mediterranean Europe LETS BEGIN OUR INVESTIGATION OF EUROPE’S REGIONAL HISTORY ! “All roads lead to Rome” DO YOU THINK THIS SAYING WAS EVER TRUE? WHY OR WHY NOT? Map Review: • 9 • 43 • 33 • 31 • 36 • 23 • 2 • 13 • 37 All Roads Lead to Rome: • It is true • In ancient Europe, most roads did lead to Rome • The Romans built a large network of well-paved roads • Why? • To aid in communication and make it possible for the army to march quickly to distant locations Greece – The Birthplace of Democracy: • Beginning about 2000 B.C., people from the north moved onto the Balkan Peninsula • Built villages in the mountains but the mountains made these villages isolated from one another • As a result, these villages developed into city-states • A city state is a political unit made up of a city and its surrounding lands Greece – Birthplace of Democracy: • The city state of Athens developed the first democracy • A democracy is a government in which the people rule • In Athens, all free adult males were citizens who had the right to serve in the law-making assembly • Athenian democracy helped inspire the U.S. system • The Greeks made advances in science, philosophy, drama, and art, which helped shape modern culture Greece – Birthplace of Democracy: • In 400 B.C., a series of costly wars with Persia weakened the city-states of Greece • Also, the Athenians fought a ruinous war with Sparta, a rival Greek city-state • Finally in 338 B.C., Macedonia (a kingdom to the north) conquered Greece • Beginning in 336 B.C., the Macedonian general Alexander the Great conquered Persia and part of India • His empire spread Greek culture but broke up after his death Ancient Greece: What brought an end to Greece? Being conquered by Macedonia The Roman Empire: • As Greece lost power, a state to the west was rising • This state was Rome • By 275 B.C., Rome controlled the Italian Peninsula • At the time, Rome was a republic • This meant that the people elected representatives to the government to rule in their name • The Roman Empire grew by conquering territory overseas, including the Iberian and Balkan peninsulas Partner Discussion Activity: • With your partner, answer the questions below • Is the United States’ Government more like the government of Athens or the Roman Republic? • Which one is better for a small group? Why? • Which one is better for a large group? Why? • In order for the other one to work for a large group, what must happen? • Once everyone is done, we will review your answers as a class • Everyone should, because this will go towards your participation grade The Roman Empire: • During this time, Rome was struggling with unrest caused by decades of inequalities • This led Romans to seek strong leadership • As a result, Rome began to be ruled by an emperor, ending the republic The Rise of Christianity: • One of Rome’s overseas territories was Palestine • The place Jesus was born • Christianity soon spread across the Empire • By the late 300s Christianity was Rome’s official religion The Roman Empire: • By 395 A.D., the empire was too big for a single government, so it split into a western and eastern half • The Western Roman Empire grew weak • Why? • German invaders from the north • As a result, Western Rome fell in 476 A.D. • The Eastern Roman Empire lasted nearly 1,000 years longer The Roman Empire: Western and Eastern Empire: In reaction to the size of its empire, what did Rome do? It split its Empire into a western and eastern half Italian City-States: • The invaders who took over the Italian Peninsula had no tradition of strong central government • Italy eventually became divided into many small states • In 1096, European Christian launched the Crusades • A series of wars to take the Holy Land from the Muslims • Italians earned huge profits by supplying ships that carried Crusaders to the Middle East The Crusades HTTP://WWW.HISTORY.COM/TOPICS/CRUSADES Italian City-States: • The Renaissance • Began in the Italian city-states • It was a time where there was renewed spirit for learning and the arts that lasted from the 14th through 16th centuries • Renaissance ideas were spread throughout Europe The Bubonic Plague: • By the 1300s, Italian merchants were growing rich from the trade of luxury goods from Asia • In October 1347, trading ships sailed into the port of Messina, Sicily, carrying the disease we came to know as the bubonic plague • Over the next four years, the plague spread along trade routes throughout Europe • An estimated 25 million Europeans died (1/4 or 1/3 of the population) What was the Renaissance? Renewed spirit for learning and the th arts that lasted from the 14 through the 16th centuries Transmission of the Plague: • 1.) The bacterium that causes the bubonic plague lives in the guts of fleas • 2.) The fleas bite rats and infect them • 3.) Rats come in contact with humans and the fleas jump off of the dying rat to the humans to feed off them • 4.) Humans become infected from flea bites • 5.) Humans spread the disease through coughing, sneezing, and spitting up infected blood or saliva Spain’s Empire: • In the 700s, Muslims from North Africa conquered the Iberian Peninsula • They controlled parts of this region for 700 years • Spain’s Catholic rulers, Ferdinand and Isabella, retook Spain in 1492 • That same year, Queen Isabella sent Christopher Columbus on his first voyage • This would lead to them spreading Catholicism and Spanish influence across the world Where did the bubonic plague originate? It originated with fleas